Higginson Irene J, Hart Sam, Koffman Jonathan, Selman Lucy, Harding Richard
Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, King's College London School of Medicine at Guy's, King's College and St Thomas' Hospitals, London, UK.
J Pain Symptom Manage. 2007 May;33(5):500-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2007.02.007.
We report a systematic appraisal of definitions and approaches to needs assessment in palliative care. Electronic databases were searched, and relevant individuals and organizations were contacted to identify needs assessments in palliative care. Over 200 articles were identified giving general information on needs assessment, and 77 articles comprised palliative care-related needs assessment reports. The reports originated from Africa (37), Australia (1), Europe (including former central/eastern European states) (35), USA (1), Latin America (5), and Asia (7). Two underpinning definitions of need were identified, that of Maslow from the field of psychology, and that of Bradshaw from sociology. However, in conducting needs assessments, these definitions were operationalized, and here the National Health Service Executive definition of need as "the ability to benefit from health care" is helpful. We identified three main categories of approach to needs assessment--epidemiological, corporate, and comparative--that can be used in combination. Careful consideration must be paid to any needs assessment data to ensure that the assessment is implemented.
我们报告了对姑息治疗中需求评估的定义和方法的系统评估。我们检索了电子数据库，并联系了相关个人和组织以确定姑息治疗中的需求评估。共识别出200多篇提供需求评估一般信息的文章，77篇文章包含与姑息治疗相关的需求评估报告。这些报告来自非洲（37篇）、澳大利亚（1篇）、欧洲（包括前中东欧国家）（35篇）、美国（1篇）、拉丁美洲（5篇）和亚洲（7篇）。确定了需求的两个基础定义，一个来自心理学领域的马斯洛定义，另一个来自社会学的布拉德肖定义。然而，在进行需求评估时，这些定义被实施，在此，英国国民健康服务体系执行机构将需求定义为“从医疗保健中受益的能力”很有帮助。我们确定了需求评估的三种主要方法类别——流行病学方法、整体方法和比较方法——这些方法可以结合使用。必须仔细考虑任何需求评估数据，以确保评估得以实施。
