Nisar Nighat, Qadri Majid Hafeez, Fatima Kiran, Perveen Shakeela
Department of Community Medicine, Baqai Medical University, Karachi.
J Pak Med Assoc. 2007 Apr;57(4):186-8.
To determine the proportion of people consuming tobacco in various forms, level of knowledge and practices regarding various harmful effects of tobacco and passive smoking.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Ghulam Mohammad Jokhio Goth, a small semi urban community of Gadap Town Karachi, which comprises of a population approximate 2225. About 157 people were interviewed regarding their tobacco consumption practices through a semi structured pre-tested questionnaire from June to August 2005. There were 314 households in the community and every alternate household was selected with a random start. The study subject was selected among all the adult members of 18 years age and above present at the time of interview in the household by lottery method and the questionnaire was administerd to those who were resident of GM Goth after taking consent.
In our study 110 (70%) people were tobacco consumers, 47% were knowledgeable about hazards of smoking, 22% were aware about passive smoking, and 90% started consuming tobacco below 20 years of age. The most popular form of tobacco was pan 40%, cigarette 39% and hookah 19%. Eighty four percent were regular smokers. Only 13.6% took counseling, 26.3% tried to quit smoking but none of them succeeded. About 23.5% smokers suffered from cough and headache due to smoking. When age, sex, marital status, income of the household, education and knowledge about hazards of smoking was compared, age and knowledge showed significant association while other variables did not show any significant association.
Our study concluded that high proportion of people including men and women consume tobacco. Most of them were unaware about tobacco consumption hazards, and passive smoking.
确定以各种形式消费烟草的人群比例、关于烟草及被动吸烟各种有害影响的知识水平和行为习惯。
在卡拉奇加达普镇的一个半城市小社区古拉姆·穆罕默德·乔基奥村进行了一项横断面研究，该社区约有2225人。2005年6月至8月，通过一份经过预测试的半结构化问卷，对约157人进行了关于其烟草消费行为习惯的访谈。该社区有314户家庭，从随机选定的一户开始，每隔一户进行选择。通过抽签法在受访家庭中当时在场的所有18岁及以上成年成员中选取研究对象，并在征得同意后向那些居住在古拉姆·穆罕默德·乔基奥村的人发放问卷。
在我们的研究中，110人（70%）是烟草消费者，47%的人了解吸烟危害，22%的人知晓被动吸烟，9%的人在20岁以下开始消费烟草。最流行的烟草形式是嚼烟（40%）、香烟（39%）和水烟（19%）。84%是经常吸烟者。只有13.6%的人接受过咨询，26.3%的人试图戒烟，但均未成功。约23.5%的吸烟者因吸烟患有咳嗽和头痛。当比较年龄、性别、婚姻状况、家庭收入、教育程度和对吸烟危害的了解情况时，年龄和知识显示出显著关联，而其他变量未显示出任何显著关联。
我们的研究得出结论，包括男性和女性在内的很大比例的人消费烟草。他们中的大多数人不知道烟草消费危害和被动吸烟。
