Torstveit M K, Rosenvinge J H, Sundgot-Borgen J
The Sports Medicine Department, The Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008 Feb;18(1):108-18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00657.x. Epub 2007 May 9.
The purposes of this study were to examine the percentage of female elite athletes and controls with disordered eating (DE) behavior and clinical eating disorders (EDs), to investigate what characterize the athletes with EDs, and to evaluate whether a proposed method of screening for EDs in elite athletes does not falsely classify sport-specific behaviors as indicators of EDs. All athletes representing the national teams at the junior or senior level, aged 13-39 years (n=938), and age-group matched, randomly selected population-based controls (n=900) were invited to participate. From the screening data, a random sample of athletes (n=186) and controls (n=145) were subjects for a clinical interview. More athletes in leanness sports (46.7%) had clinical EDs than athletes in non-leanness sports (19.8%) and controls (21.4%) (P<0.001). Variables predicting clinical EDs, and thus candidates for valid screening procedures, were menstrual dysfunction in leanness athletes, self-reported EDs in non-leanness athletes, and self-reported use of pathogenic weight control methods in controls. Hence, statistically based risk factors are not universally valid, but specifically related to athletes and non-athletes, respectively.
本研究的目的是检查患有饮食失调（DE）行为和临床饮食失调（ED）的女性精英运动员和对照组的比例，调查患有ED的运动员的特征，并评估一种提议的精英运动员ED筛查方法是否不会将特定于运动的行为错误分类为ED的指标。所有代表国家青年队或成年队、年龄在13 - 39岁之间的运动员（n = 938）以及年龄匹配、基于人群随机选择的对照组（n = 900）被邀请参与。从筛查数据中，随机抽取了一部分运动员（n = 186）和对照组（n = 145）进行临床访谈。从事瘦身运动的运动员中患有临床ED的比例（46.7%）高于非瘦身运动的运动员（19.8%）和对照组（21.4%）（P < 0.001）。预测临床ED的变量，也就是有效筛查程序的候选变量，在瘦身运动员中是月经功能紊乱，在非瘦身运动员中是自我报告的ED，在对照组中是自我报告的使用有害体重控制方法。因此，基于统计的风险因素并非普遍适用，而是分别与运动员和非运动员具体相关。
