Peng Yueqing, Xi Wang, Zhang Wei, Zhang Ke, Guo Aike
Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory for Neurobiology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
J Neurosci. 2007 May 9;27(19):5139-45. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0472-07.2007.
Previous exposure to a pattern in the visual scene can enhance subsequent recognition of that pattern in many species from honeybees to humans. However, whether previous experience with a visual feature of an object, such as color or shape, can also facilitate later recognition of that particular feature from multiple visual features is largely unknown. Visual feature extraction is the ability to select the key component from multiple visual features. Using a visual flight simulator, we designed a novel protocol for visual feature extraction to investigate the effects of previous experience on visual reinforcement learning in Drosophila. We found that, after conditioning with a visual feature of objects among combinatorial shape-color features, wild-type flies exhibited poor ability to extract the correct visual feature. However, the ability for visual feature extraction was greatly enhanced in flies trained previously with that visual feature alone. Moreover, we demonstrated that flies might possess the ability to extract the abstract category of "shape" but not a particular shape. Finally, this experience-dependent feature extraction is absent in flies with defective MBs, one of the central brain structures in Drosophila. Our results indicate that previous experience can enhance visual feature extraction in Drosophila and that MBs are required for this experience-dependent visual cognition.
先前接触视觉场景中的某种模式，在从蜜蜂到人类的许多物种中都能增强后续对该模式的识别。然而，先前对物体视觉特征（如颜色或形状）的体验，是否也能促进之后从多个视觉特征中识别出该特定特征，在很大程度上尚不清楚。视觉特征提取是从多个视觉特征中选择关键成分的能力。我们使用视觉飞行模拟器设计了一种用于视觉特征提取的新方案，以研究先前经验对果蝇视觉强化学习的影响。我们发现，在组合形状 - 颜色特征中对物体的视觉特征进行条件训练后，野生型果蝇提取正确视觉特征的能力较差。然而，仅用该视觉特征预先训练的果蝇，其视觉特征提取能力得到了极大增强。此外，我们证明果蝇可能具备提取“形状”这一抽象类别的能力，但不具备提取特定形状的能力。最后，在果蝇中脑的主要结构之一蘑菇体（MB）有缺陷的果蝇中，不存在这种依赖经验的特征提取。我们的结果表明，先前经验可以增强果蝇的视觉特征提取能力，且蘑菇体是这种依赖经验的视觉认知所必需的。
