McCartt Anne T, Kyrychenko Sergey Y
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2007 Jun;8(2):162-70. doi: 10.1080/15389580601173875.
To estimate the efficacy of side airbags in preventing driver deaths in passenger vehicles struck on the driver side.
Risk ratios for driver deaths per driver-side collision were computed for side airbag-equipped cars and SUVs, relative to vehicles without side airbags. Driver fatality ratios also were calculated for the same vehicles in front and rear impacts, and these were used to adjust the side crash risk ratios for differences in fatality risk unrelated to side airbags. Risk ratios were calculated separately for side airbags providing torso-only protection and side airbags with head protection; almost all head protecting airbags also had airbags protecting the torso.
Car driver death risk in driver-side crashes was reduced by 37 percent for head protecting airbags and 26 percent for torso-only side airbags. Car driver death risk was reduced for older and younger drivers, males and females, and drivers of small and midsize cars, and when the striking vehicle was an SUV/pickup or a car/minivan. Death risk for drivers of SUVs was reduced by 52 percent with head protecting side airbags and by 30 percent with torso-only airbags. The effectiveness of side airbags could not be assessed for pickups and minivans due to the small number of these vehicles with airbags involved in crashes.
Side airbags substantially reduce the risk of car and SUV driver death in driver-side collisions. Making side airbags with head protection available to drivers and right front passengers in all passenger vehicles could reduce the number of fatalities in motor vehicle crashes in the United States by about 2,000 each year.
评估侧面安全气囊在防止乘用车驾驶员侧受撞时驾驶员死亡方面的效果。
计算配备侧面安全气囊的轿车和运动型多用途汽车（SUV）相对于未配备侧面安全气囊车辆的每次驾驶员侧碰撞的驾驶员死亡风险比。还计算了相同车辆在正面和 rear impacts（此处原文有误，应为 rear impacts，即后部碰撞）时的驾驶员死亡率，并用于调整侧面碰撞风险比，以消除与侧面安全气囊无关的死亡风险差异。分别计算仅提供躯干保护的侧面安全气囊和带有头部保护的侧面安全气囊的风险比；几乎所有头部保护安全气囊也都有保护躯干的安全气囊。
对于带有头部保护的安全气囊，轿车驾驶员在驾驶员侧碰撞中的死亡风险降低了37%，仅提供躯干保护的侧面安全气囊降低了26%。无论是老年还是年轻驾驶员、男性还是女性、小型和中型轿车驾驶员，以及当撞击车辆为SUV/皮卡或轿车/小型货车时，轿车驾驶员的死亡风险均有所降低。对于SUV驾驶员，带有头部保护的侧面安全气囊使其死亡风险降低了52%，仅提供躯干保护的安全气囊降低了30%。由于涉及碰撞的配备安全气囊的皮卡和小型货车数量较少，无法评估其侧面安全气囊的有效性。
侧面安全气囊可大幅降低轿车和SUV驾驶员在驾驶员侧碰撞中的死亡风险。让所有乘用车的驾驶员和右前乘客都能使用带有头部保护的侧面安全气囊，每年可使美国机动车碰撞事故中的死亡人数减少约2000人。
