Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Accid Anal Prev. 2011 May;43(3):829-39. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2010.11.002. Epub 2010 Dec 4.
The relationship between thoracic injury risk and parameters of door velocity and occupant distance was delineated in blunt lateral impact with side airbag deployment. A sled impact model was exercised with the validated MADYMO fiftieth percentile facet occupant model and a generalized finite element torso side airbag. Impact velocity was incremented from 4.0 to 9.0m/s; occupant-airbag distance (at time of airbag activation) was incremented from 2.0 to 24.0 cm; simulations without airbag were also examined. Using compression, deflection rate, and the Viscous Criterion, airbag performance was characterized with respect to occupant injury risk at three points of interest: occupant distance of most protection, distance of greatest injury risk, and the newly defined critical distance. The occupant distance which demonstrated the most airbag protection, i.e., lowest injury risk, increased with increasing impact velocity. Greatest injury risk resulted when the occupant was nearest the airbag regardless of impact velocity. The critical distance was defined as the farthest distance at which airbag deployment exacerbated injury risk. This critical distance only varied considering chest compression, between 3 and 10 cm from the airbag, but did not vary when the Viscous Criterion was evaluated. At impact velocities less than or equal to 6m/s, the most protective occupant location was within 2 cm of the critical distance at which the airbag became harmful. Therefore, injury mitigation with torso airbag may be more difficult to achieve at lower ΔV.
在侧面气囊展开的钝性侧面冲击中，描绘了胸部损伤风险与车门速度和乘员距离参数之间的关系。使用经过验证的 MADYMO 第 50 百分位面乘员模型和通用有限元躯干侧面气囊，对雪橇冲击模型进行了练习。冲击速度从 4.0m/s 增加到 9.0m/s；乘员-气囊距离（在气囊激活时）从 2.0cm 增加到 24.0cm；还检查了没有气囊的模拟。使用压缩、挠度率和粘性准则，根据三个关键点处的乘员受伤风险来描述气囊性能：最能保护乘员的距离、受伤风险最大的距离和新定义的关键距离。展示出最能保护乘员、即受伤风险最低的乘员距离随着冲击速度的增加而增加。无论冲击速度如何，乘员最靠近气囊时，受伤风险最大。关键距离被定义为气囊展开加剧受伤风险的最远距离。仅在考虑胸部压缩时，该关键距离在距离气囊 3 到 10cm 之间变化，而在评估粘性准则时则不会变化。在冲击速度小于或等于 6m/s 的情况下，最能保护乘员的位置在距离气囊 2cm 以内，此时气囊变得有害。因此，在较低的ΔV 下，通过躯干气囊减轻伤害可能更加困难。
