De Matteis Maria Antonietta, Di Campli Antonella, D'Angelo Giovanni
Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Ch), Italy.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jun;1771(6):761-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2007.04.004. Epub 2007 Apr 12.
The Golgi complex (GC) represents the central junction for membrane trafficking. Protein and lipid cargoes continuously move through the GC in both anterograde and retrograde directions, departing to and arriving from diverse destinations within the cell. Nevertheless, the GC is able to maintain its identity and strict compartmentalisation, having a different composition in terms of protein and lipid content compared to other organelles. The discovery of coat protein complexes and the elucidation of their role in sorting cargo proteins into specific transport carriers have provided a partial answer to this phenomenon. However, it is more difficult to understand how relatively small and diffusible molecules like lipids can be concentrated in or excluded from specific subcellular compartments. The discovery of lipid-transfer proteins operating in the secretory pathway and specifically at the GC has shed light on one possible way in which this lipid compartmentalisation can be accomplished. The correct lipid distribution along the secretory pathway is of crucial importance for cargo protein sorting and secretion. This review focuses on what is now known about the putative and effective lipid-transfer proteins at the GC, and on how they affect the function and structure of the GC itself.
高尔基体复合物（GC）是膜运输的中心枢纽。蛋白质和脂质货物持续以顺行和逆行方向在GC中移动，往返于细胞内的不同目的地。然而，GC能够保持其特性和严格的区室化，在蛋白质和脂质含量方面与其他细胞器不同。衣被蛋白复合物的发现及其在将货物蛋白分选到特定运输载体中的作用的阐明，为这一现象提供了部分答案。然而，要理解像脂质这样相对较小且可扩散的分子如何能够在特定亚细胞区室中富集或排除则更为困难。在分泌途径中尤其是在GC中发挥作用的脂质转运蛋白的发现，揭示了实现这种脂质区室化的一种可能方式。沿分泌途径的正确脂质分布对于货物蛋白的分选和分泌至关重要。本综述重点关注目前已知的GC中假定的和有效的脂质转运蛋白，以及它们如何影响GC本身的功能和结构。
