de Ruiter Karen P, Dekker Marielle C, Verhulst Frank C, Koot Hans M
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 May;48(5):498-507. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01712.x.
We aimed to describe similarities and differences in the developmental course of psychopathology between children with and without intellectual disabilities (ID).
Multilevel growth curve analysis was used to analyse the developmental course of psychopathology, using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), in two longitudinal multiple-birth-cohort samples of 6- to 18-year-old children with ID (N = 978) and without ID (N = 2,047) using three repeated measurements across a 6-year period.
Children with ID showed a higher level of problem behaviours across all ages compared to children without ID. A significant difference between the samples in the developmental courses was found for Aggressive Behaviour and Attention Problems, where children with ID showed a significantly larger decrease. Gender differences in the development of psychopathology were similar in both samples, except for Social Problems where males with ID showed a larger decrease in problem behaviour across time than females with ID and males and females without ID.
Results indicate that children with ID continue to show a greater risk for psychopathology compared to typically developing children, although this higher risk is less pronounced at age 18 than it is at age 6 for Aggressive Behaviour. Contrary to our expectations, the developmental course of psychopathology in children with ID was quite similar from age 6 to 18 compared to children without ID. The normative developmental trajectories of psychopathology in children with ID, presented here, can serve as a yardstick against which development of childhood psychopathology can be detected as deviant.
我们旨在描述有智力障碍（ID）和无智力障碍儿童心理病理学发展过程中的异同。
使用儿童行为检查表（CBCL），通过多水平生长曲线分析，对两个纵向多胞胎队列样本中6至18岁有ID（N = 978）和无ID（N = 2047）的儿童的心理病理学发展过程进行分析，在6年期间进行三次重复测量。
与无ID的儿童相比，有ID的儿童在所有年龄段的问题行为水平都更高。在攻击性行为和注意力问题方面，样本之间的发展过程存在显著差异，有ID的儿童表现出显著更大程度的下降。除了社会问题外，两个样本中心理病理学发展的性别差异相似，在社会问题方面，有ID的男性随着时间推移问题行为的下降幅度大于有ID的女性以及无ID的男性和女性。
结果表明，与正常发育的儿童相比，有ID的儿童心理病理学风险仍然更高，尽管对于攻击性行为而言，这种较高风险在18岁时不如6岁时明显。与我们的预期相反，与无ID的儿童相比，有ID的儿童在6至18岁期间心理病理学的发展过程相当相似。这里呈现的有ID儿童心理病理学的规范发展轨迹可作为一个标准，据此可检测儿童心理病理学发展是否异常。
