Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2011 Jul;55(7):623-35. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01416.x. Epub 2011 Apr 14.
Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities are at heightened risk for mental disorders, and disruptive behaviour disorders appear to be the most prevalent. The current study is a longitudinal examination of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children with and without intellectual disability (ID) across ages 5 to 8.
We assessed 228 5-year-old children, 87 with ID and 141 with typical development (TD), for clinical diagnoses using a structured interview. These interviews were conducted with mothers annually from child age 5 to 8.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was over 3 times as prevalent in the ID group as in the TD group across ages 5, 6, 7 and 8. The diagnosis of ADHD tended to emerge earlier and was more stable in the ID group; however, the total number and relative frequency of ADHD symptoms endorsed appeared to be similar within the two groups across time. With respect to the developmental course, the trajectories of ADHD inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms over time were similar in the two groups.
Children with ID appear to be at heightened risk for ADHD and they may experience a longer and more persistent course of the disorder. These findings highlight the need for making interventions available for early treatment of this condition in children with ID.
智障和发育障碍儿童患精神障碍的风险较高，而破坏性行为障碍似乎是最常见的。本研究对 5 至 8 岁智障和非智障儿童的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）进行了纵向研究。
我们使用结构化访谈对 228 名 5 岁儿童进行了临床诊断评估，其中 87 名有智力障碍，141 名有典型发育。这些访谈在儿童 5 岁至 8 岁期间每年由母亲进行。
在 5、6、7 和 8 岁时，智障组的 ADHD 患病率是典型发育组的三倍以上。ADHD 的诊断在智障组中出现得更早，也更稳定；然而，在两个组中，随着时间的推移，ADHD 症状的总数和相对频率似乎相似。就发展过程而言，两组的 ADHD 注意力不集中和多动/冲动症状的轨迹相似。
智障儿童似乎患 ADHD 的风险更高，他们可能经历更长和更持久的疾病过程。这些发现强调了需要为智障儿童提供早期治疗这种疾病的干预措施。
