Ekblom B, Engström L-M, Ekblom O
Astrand Laboratory of Work Physiology, University College of Physical Education and Sports, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007 Jun;17(3):267-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00531.x.
The aim of the present study was to study differences in fitness (maximal aerobic power (VO(2max)), balance control, abdominal strength and endurance) and anthropometric data in Swedish women and men (20-65 years of age) between two national cross-sectional samples, studied in 1990/1991 and 2000/2001, respectively. The absolute and relative VO(2max) (aerobic fitness), estimated from a submaximal test, declined with increasing age in both genders. The submaximal test was validated against running VO(2max). Furthermore, the relative aerobic fitness (mL/min/kg) was lower in the 2000/2001 sample in men but not in women. Overall physical activity level was unchanged in both genders. An unexpected finding was that in both samples there were no major differences in relative VO(2max) between men and women of the same age. Combined overweight and obesity (body mass index> or =25) is becoming more prevalent in men, but not in women with prevalence in 2000/2001 of 61% and 38% for men and women, respectively. Balance control and abdominal strength and endurance decrease with increasing age with no differences between the two samples. Thus, the near future health situation for men may be worse, while for women it may be less or no differences compared with today.
本研究的目的是比较瑞典两个全国性横断面样本（分别于1990/1991年和2000/2001年进行研究）中20至65岁的女性和男性在体能（最大有氧功率（VO₂max）、平衡控制、腹部力量和耐力）以及人体测量数据方面的差异。通过次极量测试估算出的绝对和相对VO₂max（有氧适能），在两性中均随年龄增长而下降。该次极量测试已通过与跑步VO₂max进行验证。此外，在2000/2001年的样本中，男性的相对有氧适能（毫升/分钟/千克）较低，而女性则不然。两性的总体身体活动水平均未改变。一个意外发现是，在两个样本中，同龄男性和女性之间的相对VO₂max没有重大差异。超重和肥胖合并症（体重指数≥25）在男性中越来越普遍，但在女性中并非如此，2000/2001年男性和女性的患病率分别为61%和38%。平衡控制以及腹部力量和耐力随年龄增长而下降，两个样本之间没有差异。因此，男性未来的健康状况可能会更差，而女性与现在相比可能变化较小或没有变化。
