Podstawski Robert, Borysławski Krzysztof
Human Wellness Research Laboratory, Department of Physiotherapy, School of Public Health, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland.
Institute of Health, Angelus Silesius University of Applied Sciences in Wałbrzych, 58-300 Wałbrzych, Poland.
Life (Basel). 2024 Oct 18;14(10):1325. doi: 10.3390/life14101325.
To assess changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of male and female Polish university students between 1994 and 2024.
The first study was conducted in 1994 on 712 female and 495 male university students aged 19-25 years (19.94 ± 1.09), and the second study was conducted in 2024 on 323 female and 339 male university students aged 19-25 years (19.92 ± 1.08). The participants' body mass and height were measured, and the students participated in a modified version of Pilicz's test consisting of four motor ability tests. The changes in the students' performance over time were also analyzed in the context of their socioeconomic status (SES), including the place of permanent residence and the parents' education.
The students' BMI values (as well as body mass and body height in female students) were significantly higher ( < 0.001) in 2024 than in 1994. The male students examined in 1994 demonstrated significantly higher strength abilities in the medicine ball forward throw test. In turn, the females studied in 1994 received significantly better scores in motor ability tests, including the zig-zag run, 1-Minute Burpee Test, and the medicine ball forward throw (29.4 s, 22 cycles, 591.3 cm, respectively) than those examined in 2024 (30.1 s, 19.3 cycles, and 463.3 cm, respectively). The variations in the results were similar when the participants' SES was considered in the analysis, which suggests that these factors had no significant effect on the analyzed characteristics over time.
This study revealed a greater decline in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of female than male university students over a period of 30 years. The observed changes were not influenced by SES factors such as the place of permanent residence or the parents' education.
评估1994年至2024年间波兰男女大学生人体测量学和运动特征的变化。
第一项研究于1994年对712名年龄在19 - 25岁（19.94 ± 1.09）的女大学生和495名男大学生进行，第二项研究于2024年对323名年龄在19 - 25岁（19.92 ± 1.08）的女大学生和339名男大学生进行。测量了参与者的体重和身高，学生们参加了由四项运动能力测试组成的Pilicz测试的改良版。还在学生的社会经济地位（SES）背景下分析了学生成绩随时间的变化，包括常住地和父母的教育程度。
2024年学生的BMI值（以及女学生的体重和身高）显著高于1994年（<0.001）。1994年接受测试的男学生在实心球前抛测试中表现出显著更高的力量能力。反过来，1994年研究的女性在运动能力测试中的得分显著高于2024年接受测试的女性，包括之字跑、1分钟波比跳测试和实心球前抛（分别为29.4秒、22次循环、591.3厘米）（分别为30.1秒、19.3次循环和463.3厘米）。在分析中考虑参与者的SES时，结果的变化相似，这表明这些因素在一段时间内对所分析的特征没有显著影响。
本研究揭示，在30年的时间里，女大学生的人体测量学和运动特征的下降幅度大于男大学生。观察到的变化不受常住地或父母教育程度等SES因素的影响。
