Li Xinjun, Sundquist Kristina, Sundquist Jan
Center for Family and Community Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels allé 12, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
Sleep Med. 2008 Jan;9(2):129-36. doi: 10.1016/j.sleep.2007.02.003. Epub 2007 May 18.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between socioeconomic status, occupation and obstructive sleep apnea.
A nationwide database was constructed by linking the Swedish Census to the Hospital Discharge Register and the Cause of Death Register to obtain data on all first adult hospitalizations for obstructive sleep apnea diagnosed in Sweden during the study period from 1997 to 2001. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
A total of 10,336 male and 2,602 female first hospitalizations during the study period for obstructive sleep apnea were retrieved for adults aged 35 and older. The overall SIRs for hospitalizations for obstructive sleep apnea were close to unity between different socioeconomic groups and regions. Among male occupations, increased risks were noted for several occupational groups such as sales agents, seamen, drivers, engine and motor operators, and cooks and stewards. For female occupations, an increased risk was observed only among drivers. Adjustment for obesity had no effect on the risk levels.
Socioeconomic status and occupation have a minor effect on the population's likelihood of hospitalization for obstructive sleep apnea. Although the increased risks found for seamen, engine and motor operators, and cooks and stewards may be partly explained by their work-related exposure, residual confounding due to smoking and alcohol might be present.
本研究旨在调查社会经济地位、职业与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停之间是否存在关联。
通过将瑞典人口普查数据与医院出院登记册及死因登记册相链接，构建了一个全国性数据库，以获取1997年至2001年研究期间瑞典所有首次因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停而住院的成年患者的数据。计算了标准化发病率（SIR）及95%置信区间（CI）。
在研究期间，共检索到10336例男性和2602例女性因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停首次住院的35岁及以上成年人。不同社会经济群体和地区之间，阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停住院的总体标准化发病率接近1。在男性职业中，销售代理、海员、司机、发动机和电机操作员以及厨师和乘务员等几个职业群体的风险增加。在女性职业中，仅司机的风险增加。调整肥胖因素对风险水平无影响。
社会经济地位和职业对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者住院的可能性影响较小。尽管海员、发动机和电机操作员以及厨师和乘务员的风险增加可能部分归因于与工作相关的暴露，但吸烟和饮酒可能导致残余混杂因素。
