有用的“垃圾”：人类转录组中的Alu RNA
Useful 'junk': Alu RNAs in the human transcriptome.
作者信息
Häsler J, Samuelsson T, Strub K
机构信息
Université de Genève, Département de Biologie Cellulaire, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Genève-4, Switzerland.
出版信息
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2007 Jul;64(14):1793-800. doi: 10.1007/s00018-007-7084-0.
Alu elements are the most abundant repetitive elements in the human genome; they have amplified by retrotransposition to reach the present number of more than one million copies. Alu elements can be transcribed in two different ways, by two independent polymerases. 'Free Alu RNAs' are transcribed by Pol III from their own promoter, while 'embedded Alu RNAs' are transcribed by Pol II as part of protein- and non-protein-coding RNAs. Recent studies have demonstrated that both free and embedded Alu RNAs play a major role in post transcriptional regulation of gene expression, for example by affecting protein translation, alternative splicing and mRNA stability. These discoveries illustrate how a part of the 'junk DNA' content of the human genome has been recruited to important functions in regulation of gene expression.
Alu元件是人类基因组中最丰富的重复元件；它们通过逆转座作用扩增，数量达到目前的一百多万个拷贝。Alu元件可以通过两种不同的方式转录，由两种独立的聚合酶进行。“游离Alu RNA”由Pol III从其自身启动子转录，而“嵌入Alu RNA”由Pol II作为蛋白质编码和非蛋白质编码RNA的一部分进行转录。最近的研究表明，游离和嵌入的Alu RNA在基因表达的转录后调控中都发挥着重要作用，例如通过影响蛋白质翻译、可变剪接和mRNA稳定性。这些发现说明了人类基因组中一部分“垃圾DNA”是如何被用于基因表达调控的重要功能的。
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