Lapole D, Rychen G, Grova N, Monteau F, Le Bizec B, Feidt C
UR AFPA, INPL-UHP-INRA, 2 avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 172, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
J Dairy Sci. 2007 Jun;90(6):2624-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-806.
The aim of this study was to establish the transfer of phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[a]pyrene and their major hydroxylated metabolites to milk and to urine after a single oral administration (100 mg per animal of each compound) in 4 lactating goats. Detection and identification of the analytes (native compounds, 1-OH pyrene, 3-OH phenanthrene, 3-OH benzo[a]pyrene) were achieved using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Benzo[a]pyrene, phenanthrene, and pyrene were rapidly detected in the plasma stream, whereas 1-OH pyrene and 3-OH phenanthrene appeared later in plasma. These data suggest that pyrene and phenanthrene are progressively metabolized within the organism. Recovery rates of pyrene and phenanthrene in milk over a 24-h period appeared to be very low (0.014 and 0.006%, respectively), whereas the transfer rates of their corresponding metabolites were significantly higher: 0.44% for 1-OH pyrene and 0.073% for 3-OH phenanthrene. Recovery rates in urine were found to be higher (1 to 10 times) than recovery rates in milk. The 1-OH pyrene was found to be the main metabolite in urine as well as in milk. Thus, as has been established for humans, 1-OH pyrene could be considered as a marker of ruminant exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Because 1-OH pyrene and 3-OH phenanthrene were measured in milk (unlike their corresponding native molecules), metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons should be taken into consideration when evaluating the safety of milk. Benzo[a]pyrene and 3-OH benzo[a]pyrene were (less than 0.005%) transferred to milk and urine in very slight amounts. This very limited transfer rate of both compounds suggests a low risk of exposure by humans to benzo[a]pyrene or its major metabolite from milk or milk products.
本研究的目的是确定在4只泌乳山羊单次口服给药（每种化合物每只动物100毫克）后，菲、芘和苯并[a]芘及其主要羟基化代谢产物向乳汁和尿液中的转移情况。使用气相色谱 - 质谱法对分析物（天然化合物、1 - 羟基芘、3 - 羟基菲、3 - 羟基苯并[a]芘）进行检测和鉴定。苯并[a]芘、菲和芘在血浆中迅速被检测到，而1 - 羟基芘和3 - 羟基菲在血浆中出现得较晚。这些数据表明芘和菲在生物体内逐渐被代谢。芘和菲在24小时内乳汁中的回收率似乎非常低（分别为0.014%和0.006%），而其相应代谢产物的转移率则显著更高：1 - 羟基芘为0.44%，3 - 羟基菲为0.073%。发现尿液中的回收率高于乳汁中的回收率（1至10倍）。1 - 羟基芘被发现是尿液和乳汁中的主要代谢产物。因此，正如在人类中所确定的那样，1 - 羟基芘可被视为反刍动物接触多环芳烃的标志物。由于在乳汁中检测到了1 - 羟基芘和3 - 羟基菲（与其相应的天然分子不同），在评估乳汁安全性时应考虑多环芳烃的代谢产物。苯并[a]芘和3 - 羟基苯并[a]芘以非常少量（小于0.005%）转移到乳汁和尿液中。这两种化合物非常有限的转移率表明人类从乳汁或乳制品中接触苯并[a]芘或其主要代谢产物的风险较低。
