Girold Sébastien, Maurin Didier, Dugué Benoit, Chatard Jean-Claude, Millet Grégoire
Laboratory of Physiology, PPEH, Faculty of Medicine Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):599-605. doi: 10.1519/R-19695.1.
This study was undertaken to compare the effects of dry-land strength training with a combined in-water resisted- and assisted-sprint program in swimmer athletes. Twenty-one swimmers from regional to national level participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: the strength (S) group that was involved in a dry-land strength training program where barbells were used, the resisted- and assisted-sprint (RAS) group that got involved in a specific water training program where elastic tubes were used to generate resistance and assistance while swimming, and the control (C) group which was involved in an aerobic cycling program. During 12 weeks, the athletes performed 6 training sessions per week on separate days. All of them combined the same aerobic dominant work for their basic training in swimming and running with their specific training. Athletes were evaluated 3 times: before the training program started, after 6 weeks of training, and at the end of the training program. The outcome values were the strength of the elbow flexors and extensors evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer, and the speed, stroke rate, stroke length, and stroke depth observed during a 50-meter sprint. No changes were observed after 6 weeks of training. At the end of the training period, we observed significant increases in swimming velocity, and strength of elbow flexors and extensors both in the S and RAS groups. However, stroke depth decreased both in the S and RAS groups. Stroke rate increased in the RAS but not in the S group. However, no significant differences in the swimming performances between the S and RAS groups were observed. No significant changes occurred in C. Altogether, programs combining swimming with dry-land strength or with in-water resisted- and assisted-sprint exercises led to a similar gain in sprint performance and are more efficient than traditional swimming training methods alone.
本研究旨在比较旱地力量训练与水中阻力及辅助冲刺相结合的训练计划对游泳运动员的影响。21名从地区级到国家级水平的游泳运动员参与了本研究。他们被随机分为3组：力量（S）组，参与使用杠铃的旱地力量训练计划；阻力及辅助冲刺（RAS）组，参与特定的水上训练计划，在游泳时使用弹性管产生阻力和助力；对照组（C），参与有氧自行车训练计划。在12周内，运动员每周在不同日期进行6次训练课程。他们都将相同的以有氧为主的游泳和跑步基础训练与各自的特定训练相结合。运动员在训练计划开始前、训练6周后以及训练计划结束时接受了3次评估。结果指标包括使用等速测力计评估的肘屈肌和伸肌力量，以及在50米冲刺中观察到的速度、划频、划幅和划水深度。训练6周后未观察到变化。在训练期结束时，我们观察到S组和RAS组的游泳速度、肘屈肌和伸肌力量均显著增加。然而，S组和RAS组的划水深度均下降。RAS组的划频增加，而S组未增加。然而，未观察到S组和RAS组在游泳成绩上有显著差异。C组未发生显著变化。总之，将游泳与旱地力量训练或水中阻力及辅助冲刺练习相结合的训练计划在冲刺成绩方面带来了相似的提升，并且比单独的传统游泳训练方法更有效。
