Sayers Stephen P
University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Health Professions, Department of Physical Therapy, Columbia, Missourri 65211, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2007 May;21(2):518-26. doi: 10.1519/R-20546.1.
Over the past century, increases in both longevity and the number of older adults in the U.S.A. have given rise to greater numbers of functionally limited and disabled older adults. This has resulted in a decline in the quality of life of our elderly population, as well as an increased burden on our health care system. Resistance training (RT) with a strengthening component has traditionally been recommended to improve health and physical functioning in older adults. Muscle power (force x velocity), or the ability to produce force rapidly, has recently emerged as an important predictor of functioning in older men and women and has been the current focus of many RT studies. In this review, the physiological changes that contribute to the declines in muscle strength and power with aging will first be examined, followed by a discussion of the prevailing theories behind the use of traditional RT in older men and women. The rationale for high-velocity RT will then be explored, and the recent literature on novel training interventions designed to improve muscle power in older adults will be discussed. Finally, some preliminary evidence demonstrating the benefits of high-velocity power training in older men and women will be presented.
在过去的一个世纪里，美国人均寿命的延长以及老年人数量的增加，导致功能受限和残疾的老年人数量增多。这不仅导致老年人群体生活质量下降，还加重了我们医疗保健系统的负担。传统上，建议进行包含强化训练的抗阻训练（RT），以改善老年人的健康状况和身体机能。肌肉力量（力×速度），即快速产生力量的能力，最近已成为老年男性和女性身体机能的重要预测指标，并且一直是许多抗阻训练研究的当前重点。在这篇综述中，将首先探讨导致肌肉力量和功率随年龄增长而下降的生理变化，随后讨论在老年男性和女性中使用传统抗阻训练背后的主流理论。接着将探究高速抗阻训练的基本原理，并讨论近期有关旨在提高老年人肌肉力量的新型训练干预措施的文献。最后，将展示一些初步证据，证明高速力量训练对老年男性和女性有益。
