Krauss R M, Morrel-Samuels P, Colasante C
Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1991 Nov;61(5):743-54. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.61.5.743.
In 5 experiments, male and female undergraduates viewed gestures and tried to select the words that originally accompanied them; read interpretations of gestures' meanings and tried to select the words that originally had accompanied them; tried to recognize gestures they previously had seen, presented either with or without the accompanying speech; and assigned gestures and the accompanying speech to semantic categories. On all 4 tasks, performance was better than chance but markedly inferior to performance when words were used as stimuli. Judgments of a gesture's semantic category were determined principally by the accompanying speech rather than gestural form. It is concluded that although gestures can convey some information, they are not richly informative, and the information they convey is largely redundant with speech.
在5项实验中，男女大学生观看手势并试图选择最初与之相伴的词语；阅读手势含义的解释并试图选择最初与之相伴的词语；尝试识别他们之前见过的手势，这些手势呈现时伴有或不伴有旁白；并将手势和旁白归入语义类别。在所有这4项任务中，表现均高于随机水平，但明显逊于以词语作为刺激时的表现。对手势语义类别的判断主要由旁白而非手势形式决定。研究得出结论，尽管手势可以传达一些信息，但它们的信息并不丰富，而且它们传达的信息在很大程度上与言语冗余。
