Christensen Bo T, Schunn Christian D
Department of Marketing, Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jan;35(1):29-38. doi: 10.3758/bf03195939.
Analogy was studied in real-world engineering design, using the in vivo method. Analogizing was found to occur frequently, entailing a roughly equal amount of within- and between-domain analogies. In partial support for theories of unconscious plagiarism (Brown & Murphy, 1989; Marsh, Landau, & Hicks, 1996) and Ward's (1994) path-of-least-resistance model, it was found that the reference to exemplars (in the form of prototypes) significantly reduced the number of between-domain analogies between source and target, as compared with using sketches or no external representational systems. Analogy served three functions in relation to novel design concepts: identifying problems, solving problems, and explaining concepts. Problem identifying analogies were mainly within domain, explanatory analogies were mainly between domain, and problem-solving analogies were a mixture of within- and between-domain analogies.
采用体内研究法对现实世界工程设计中的类比进行了研究。研究发现类比频繁出现，涉及领域内和领域间的类比数量大致相等。部分支持无意识抄袭理论（Brown & Murphy，1989；Marsh、Landau & Hicks，1996）以及Ward（1994）的阻力最小路径模型，研究发现，与使用草图或不使用外部表征系统相比，参考范例（以原型的形式）显著减少了源与目标之间领域间类比的数量。类比在新设计概念方面发挥了三个作用：识别问题、解决问题和解释概念。识别问题的类比主要是领域内的，解释性类比主要是领域间的，而解决问题的类比则是领域内和领域间类比的混合。
