Lloyd Marianne E, Westerman Deanne L, Miller Jeremy K
Department of Psychology, Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey 07079, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Jan;35(1):107-12. doi: 10.3758/bf03195947.
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of letter location information in recognition memory judgments. The experiments used the recognition without identification paradigm (Peynircioglu, 1990), in which participants first attempt to identify the test item and then make a recognition decision as to whether or not the item was studied. In these studies, items that are not identified but that correspond to items that were presented are typically still rated as more likely to have been studied than those that were not presented. The present experiments demonstrated this finding with a variant of the conjunction lure paradigm. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants were tested with word fragments that were made from the letters of two words. When the letters were from studied items, fragments were rated higher than when the test items were derived from two unstudied items, or one studied item and one unstudied item, suggesting that recognition without identification is prone to the same types of errors as recognition with identification. Results are discussed in terms of familiarity effects in recognition memory.
进行了两项实验来研究字母位置信息在识别记忆判断中的作用。实验采用了无识别的识别范式（佩尼尔乔卢，1990），即参与者首先尝试识别测试项目，然后对该项目是否被学习过做出识别判断。在这些研究中，未被识别但与呈现过的项目相对应的项目，通常仍被评定为比未呈现过的项目更有可能被学习过。本实验用联合诱饵范式的一个变体证明了这一发现。在实验1和实验2中，用由两个单词的字母组成的单词片段对参与者进行测试。当字母来自已学习的项目时，片段的评分高于测试项目来自两个未学习的项目，或一个已学习的项目和一个未学习的项目的情况，这表明无识别的识别与有识别的识别一样容易出现相同类型的错误。从识别记忆中的熟悉度效应方面对结果进行了讨论。
