Cleary Anne M, Winfield Moriah M, Kostic Bogdan
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Dec;35(8):1869-77. doi: 10.3758/bf03192921.
When visual recognition test items are unidentifiable--through fragmentation, for example--participants can discriminate between unidentifiable items that were presented recently and those that were not. The present study extends this recognition without identification phenomenon to the auditory modality. In several experiments, participants listened to words and were then presented with spoken recognition test items that were embedded in white noise. Participants attempted to identify each spoken word through the white noise, then rated the likelihood that the word was studied. Auditory recognition without identification was found: Participants discriminated between studied and unstudied words in the absence of an ability to identify them through white noise, even when the voice changed from male to female and when the study list was presented visually. The effect was also found when identification was hindered through the isolation of particular phonemes, suggesting that phoneme information may be present in memory traces for recently spoken words.
当视觉识别测试项目无法辨认时（例如通过碎片化处理），参与者能够区分近期呈现的无法辨认的项目和未呈现过的项目。本研究将这种无需辨认的识别现象扩展到了听觉领域。在几个实验中，参与者先听单词，然后会听到嵌入白噪声中的口语识别测试项目。参与者试图透过白噪声识别每个口语单词，然后对该单词是之前学过的可能性进行评分。研究发现了无需辨认的听觉识别现象：即使声音从男性变为女性，且学习列表是以视觉方式呈现的，参与者在无法透过白噪声辨认单词的情况下，仍能区分学过的和未学过的单词。当通过分离特定音素阻碍识别时，也发现了这种效应，这表明音素信息可能存在于近期口语单词的记忆痕迹中。
