Raevuori Anu, Dick Danielle M, Keski-Rahkonen Anna, Pulkkinen Lea, Rose Richard J, Rissanen Aila, Kaprio Jaakko, Viken Richard J, Silventoinen Karri
Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Psychol Med. 2007 Nov;37(11):1625-33. doi: 10.1017/S0033291707000840. Epub 2007 May 31.
We analysed genetic and environmental influences on self-esteem and its stability in adolescence.
Finnish twins born in 1983-1987 were assessed by questionnaire at ages 14 (n = 4132 twin individuals) and 17 years (n = 3841 twin individuals). Self-esteem was measured using the Rosenberg global self-esteem scale and analyzed using quantitative genetic methods for twin data in the Mx statistical package.
The heritability of self-esteem was 0.62 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.56-0.68] in 14-year-old boys and 0.40 (95% CI 0.26-0.54) in 14-year-old girls, while the corresponding estimates at age 17 were 0.48 (95% CI 0.39-0.56) and 0.29 (95% CI 0.11-0.45). Rosenberg self-esteem scores at ages 14 and 17 were modestly correlated (r = 0.44 in boys, r = 0.46 in girls). In boys, the correlation was mainly (82%) due to genetic factors, with residual co-variation due to unique environment. In girls, genetic (31%) and common environmental (61%) factors largely explained the correlation.
In adolescence, self-esteem seems to be differently regulated in boys versus girls. A key challenge for future research is to identify environmental influences contributing to self-esteem during adolescence and determine how these factors interact with genetic influences.
我们分析了遗传和环境因素对青少年自尊及其稳定性的影响。
对1983年至1987年出生的芬兰双胞胎在14岁（n = 4132对双胞胎个体）和17岁（n = 3841对双胞胎个体）时进行问卷调查评估。使用罗森伯格全球自尊量表测量自尊，并在Mx统计软件包中使用双胞胎数据的定量遗传方法进行分析。
14岁男孩自尊的遗传率为0.62[95%置信区间（CI）0.56 - 0.68]，14岁女孩为0.40（95%CI 0.26 - 0.54），而17岁时相应的估计值分别为0.48（95%CI 0.39 - 0.56）和0.29（95%CI 0.11 - 0.45）。14岁和17岁时的罗森伯格自尊得分呈中等程度相关（男孩r = 0.44，女孩r = 0.46）。在男孩中，这种相关性主要（82%）归因于遗传因素，剩余的协变量归因于独特环境。在女孩中，遗传因素（31%）和共同环境因素（61%）在很大程度上解释了这种相关性。
在青少年时期，男孩和女孩的自尊调节方式似乎有所不同。未来研究的一个关键挑战是确定在青少年时期影响自尊的环境因素，并确定这些因素如何与遗传影响相互作用。
