Gildemeister Amy E, Hopke Philip K, Kim Eugene
Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science, Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Box 5708, Potsdam, NY 13699-5708, USA.
Chemosphere. 2007 Oct;69(7):1064-74. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.04.027. Epub 2007 May 29.
Data from the speciation trends network (STN) was used to evaluate the amount and temporal patterns of particulate matter originating from local industrial sources and long-range transport at two sites in Detroit, MI: Allen Park, MI, southwest of both Detroit and the areas of heavy industrial activity; Dearborn, MI, located on the south side of Detroit near the most heavily industrialized region. Using positive matrix factorization (PMF) and comparing source contributions at Allen Park to those in Dearborn, contributions made by local industrial sources (power plants, coke refineries, iron smelting, waste incineration), local area sources (automobile and diesel truck) and long range sources of PM(2.5) can be distinguished in greater Detroit. Overall, the mean mass concentration measured at Dearborn was 19% higher than that measured at Allen Park. The mass at Allen Park was apportioned as: secondary sulfate 31%, secondary nitrate 28%, soil 8%, mixed aged sea and road salts 4%, gasoline 15%, diesel 4%, and biomass burning 3%. At Dearborn the mass was apportioned as: secondary sulfate 25%, secondary nitrate 20%, soil 12%, mixed aged sea and road salts 4%, gasoline 20%, diesel 8%, iron and steel, 5%, and mixed industrial 7%. The impact of the iron and steel, soil, and mixed aged sea and road salt was much higher at the Dearborn site than at the Allen Park site, suggesting that close proximity to a local industrial complex has a direct negative impact on local air quality.
来自物种形成趋势网络（STN）的数据被用于评估密歇根州底特律市两个地点源自当地工业源和远距离传输的颗粒物数量及时间模式：密歇根州艾伦公园，位于底特律和重工业活动区域西南部；密歇根州迪尔伯恩，位于底特律南侧，靠近工业化程度最高的区域。利用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）并比较艾伦公园和迪尔伯恩的源贡献，在大底特律地区可区分出当地工业源（发电厂、炼焦厂、炼铁、垃圾焚烧）、当地源（汽车和柴油卡车）以及细颗粒物（PM2.5）的远距离源的贡献。总体而言，在迪尔伯恩测得的平均质量浓度比在艾伦公园测得的高19%。艾伦公园的质量分配如下：二次硫酸盐31%、二次硝酸盐28%、土壤8%、混合老化海盐和道路盐4%、汽油15%、柴油4%以及生物质燃烧3%。在迪尔伯恩，质量分配如下：二次硫酸盐25%、二次硝酸盐20%、土壤12%、混合老化海盐和道路盐4%、汽油20%、柴油8%、钢铁5%以及混合工业7%。迪尔伯恩站点的钢铁、土壤以及混合老化海盐和道路盐的影响比艾伦公园站点高得多，这表明靠近当地工业园区对当地空气质量有直接负面影响。
