Binelli A, Riva C, Provini A
Department of Biology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Biomarkers. 2007 Jul-Aug;12(4):349-68. doi: 10.1080/13547500701197412.
Three different biomarkers (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), ethoxy resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) and DNA strand breaks) were measured in Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) specimens collected in April 2005 at six different sampling sites on Lake Maggiore, the second largest Italian lake in terms of depth and volume, in order to assess the spatial variation of exposure to man-made contaminants. Mussels maintained at fixed laboratory conditions were used as controls to eliminate potential interference due to environmental factors. Biomarker data were also supported by the analysis of several chemicals (six dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs), 23 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 14 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB)) measured in the mussel soft tissues by gas chromatographic analyses. We found a negative correlation between temperature and AChE activity, while any measured environmental or physiological factor seemed to influence EROD activity and DNA strand breaks. A positive relationship was found between EROD activity and all of the measured chemicals, except for PAHs, which correlated with the amount of DNA strand breaks. Significant differences were noted for all biomarkers, both among sampling stations and between control and experimental data, even if the general level of variability was low. The biomarkers showed a distinct pattern of spatial variation, but the evaluation of DNA strand breaks was the strongest discriminating power between sites. In addition, the comparison between AChE and EROD activity measured in 2005 was compared with results obtained in a previous study carried out over the same sampling period in 2003. Results indicated a strong influence of temperature on AChE activity and probable interference of substrate inhibition of EROD activity, pointing out the need to take care in the interpretation of data comparisons. The results obtained with two different metrics used for the measure of DNA strand breaks is also discussed, as well as the relationship between EROD activity data and potential genotoxicity.
2005年4月，在意大利第二大湖泊马焦雷湖（按深度和水量计）的六个不同采样点采集了斑马贻贝（多形饰贝）样本，测量了三种不同的生物标志物（乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）、乙氧基试卤灵 - O - 脱乙基酶（EROD）和DNA链断裂），以评估人为污染物暴露的空间变化。将维持在固定实验室条件下的贻贝用作对照，以消除环境因素的潜在干扰。通过气相色谱分析在贻贝软组织中测量的几种化学物质（六种滴滴涕（DDTs）、23种多氯联苯（PCBs）、14种多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、11种多环芳烃（PAHs）和六氯苯（HCB））的分析也支持了生物标志物数据。我们发现温度与AChE活性之间呈负相关，而任何测量的环境或生理因素似乎都影响EROD活性和DNA链断裂。除了PAHs与DNA链断裂量相关外，EROD活性与所有测量的化学物质之间呈正相关。所有生物标志物在采样站之间以及对照和实验数据之间均存在显著差异，即使总体变异水平较低。生物标志物呈现出明显的空间变化模式，但DNA链断裂的评估在不同位点之间具有最强的区分能力。此外，将2005年测量的AChE和EROD活性与2003年同一采样期进行的先前研究结果进行了比较。结果表明温度对AChE活性有强烈影响，并且可能存在底物对EROD活性抑制的干扰，指出在解释数据比较时需要谨慎。还讨论了用于测量DNA链断裂的两种不同指标所获得的结果，以及EROD活性数据与潜在遗传毒性之间的关系。
