检验高山滑雪和单板滑雪中安全头盔的风险补偿假说。
Testing the risk compensation hypothesis for safety helmets in alpine skiing and snowboarding.
作者信息
Scott Michael D, Buller David B, Andersen Peter A, Walkosz Barbara J, Voeks Jennifer H, Dignan Mark B, Cutter Gary R
机构信息
California State University, Communication Arts and Sciences, Chico, California, USA.
出版信息
Inj Prev. 2007 Jun;13(3):173-7. doi: 10.1136/ip.2006.014142.
OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of helmet use by alpine skiers and snowboarders was estimated and self-reports on risk taking were assessed to test for potential risk compensation when using helmets in these sports.
SETTING
Skiers and snowboarders were observed and interviewed at 34 resorts in the western United States and Canada.
SUBJECTS
Respondents were 1779 adult skiers and snowboarders in the 2003 ski season.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Observations of helmet use and questions about perceived speed and degree of challenge when not wearing a helmet (helmet wearers) or in previous ski seasons (non-helmet wearers).
RESULTS
Helmet wearers reported that they skied/snowboarded at slower speeds (OR = 0.64, p<0.05) and challenged themselves less (OR = 0.76, p<0.05) than non-helmet wearers. Adoption of safety helmets in 2003 (23%) continued to increase over 2002 (OR = 0.46, p<0.05) and 2001 (OR = 0.84, p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
No evidence of risk compensation among helmet wearers was found. Decisions to wear helmets may be part of a risk reduction orientation. Helmet use continues to trend upwards but adoption may be slowing.
目的
估计高山滑雪者和单板滑雪者佩戴头盔的普及率，并评估他们关于冒险行为的自我报告，以测试在这些运动中佩戴头盔时是否存在潜在的风险代偿。
地点
在美国西部和加拿大的34个滑雪场对滑雪者和单板滑雪者进行观察和访谈。
对象
2003年滑雪季的1779名成年滑雪者和单板滑雪者。
观察指标
观察头盔佩戴情况，并询问佩戴头盔者不戴头盔时（或非佩戴头盔者在之前滑雪季）对速度和挑战程度的感知。
结果
与未佩戴头盔者相比，佩戴头盔者报告他们滑雪/单板滑雪的速度较慢（比值比[OR]=0.64，P<0.05），且自我挑战较少（OR=0.76，P<0.05）。2003年（23%）佩戴安全帽的比例相较于2002年（OR=0.46，P<0.05）和2001年（OR=0.84，P<0.05）持续上升。
结论
未发现佩戴头盔者存在风险代偿的证据。佩戴头盔的决定可能是降低风险倾向的一部分。头盔使用率持续呈上升趋势，但采用率可能正在放缓。
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