Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 300, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale School of Medicine, 800 Howard Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018 Jul;26(7):1916-1926. doi: 10.1007/s00167-016-4137-7. Epub 2016 May 13.
Alpine skiing and snowboarding are both popular winter sports that can be associated with significant orthopaedic injuries. However, there is a lack of nationally representative injury data for the two sports.
The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for patients presenting to emergency departments due to injuries sustained from skiing and snowboarding during 2011 and 2012. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury patterns were tabulated and compared between skiing and snowboarding. Risk factors for increased injury severity score and lack of helmet use were identified using multivariate logistic regression.
Of the 6055 patients identified, 55.2 % were skiers. Sixty-one percent had fractures. Lower extremity fractures were the most common injury and occurred more often in skiers (p < 0.001). Upper extremity fractures were more common in snowboarders, particularly distal radius fractures (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, increased injury severity was independently associated with age 18-29, 60-69, 70+, male sex, a positive blood test for alcohol, a positive blood test for an illegal substance, and wearing a helmet. Lack of helmet use was associated with age 18-29, 30-39, smoking, a positive drug test for an illegal substance, and snowboarding.
Young adults, the elderly, and those using substances were shown to be at greater risk of increased injury severity and lack of helmet use. The results of this study can be used clinically to guide the initial assessment of these individuals following injury, as well as for targeting preventive measures and education.
Prognostic Level III.
高山滑雪和单板滑雪都是很受欢迎的冬季运动项目，可能会导致严重的骨科损伤。然而，这两项运动的全国代表性损伤数据还比较缺乏。
在 2011 年至 2012 年期间，通过国家创伤数据库查询因滑雪和单板滑雪受伤而到急诊科就诊的患者。对患者的人口统计学、合并症和损伤模式进行列表，并在滑雪和单板滑雪之间进行比较。使用多变量逻辑回归确定增加损伤严重程度评分和不使用头盔的风险因素。
在确定的 6055 名患者中，55.2%为滑雪者。61%的患者有骨折。下肢骨折是最常见的损伤，在滑雪者中更为常见（p<0.001）。上肢骨折在单板滑雪者中更为常见，尤其是桡骨远端骨折（p<0.001）。多变量分析显示，损伤严重程度的增加与年龄 18-29 岁、60-69 岁、70 岁以上、男性、血液中酒精呈阳性、血液中非法药物呈阳性和戴头盔有关。不使用头盔与年龄 18-29 岁、30-39 岁、吸烟、血液中非法药物呈阳性和单板滑雪有关。
年轻人、老年人和使用药物的人受伤后严重程度增加和不戴头盔的风险更高。本研究结果可用于临床指导这些个体受伤后的初步评估，以及针对预防措施和教育。
预后 III 级。
