Hampson Sarah E, Andrews Judy A, Barckley Maureen
University of Surrey and Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97405, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2007 Jul;9(7):751-60. doi: 10.1080/14622200701397908.
Children's intentions to smoke are reliable predictors of subsequent smoking and precede smoking initiation; thus identifying predictors of intentions is important for preventing or delaying smoking initiation. Children's hostility and sociability, mediated by the development of prototypes (i.e., social images of children who smoke cigarettes) and subjective norms regarding smoking among peers, were expected to predict the development of their intentions to smoke cigarettes in the future. Children in 2nd through 5th grades (N = 809) from a western Oregon community participated in a longitudinal study. Hostility and sociability were assessed by teachers' ratings, and prototypes, subjective norms, and intentions were assessed by self-report at each of the first four annual assessments. Children's intentions to smoke predicted whether they had tried cigarettes by the fifth assessment. For both genders, latent growth modeling demonstrated that hostility, but not sociability, predicted the development of smoking intentions. Children who were more hostile were more likely to have higher initial levels of intentions to smoke, and for boys this effect was mediated by their higher initial levels of subjective norms about smoking. Sociability was not related to the development of smoking cognitions for boys or girls. These results are discussed in terms of opportunities to intervene in early influences on smoking intentions.
儿童吸烟意图是后续吸烟行为的可靠预测指标，且先于吸烟行为的开始；因此，确定意图的预测因素对于预防或推迟吸烟行为的开始至关重要。儿童的敌意和社交性，通过原型（即吸烟儿童的社会形象）的发展以及同龄人中关于吸烟的主观规范来介导，预计会预测他们未来吸烟意图的发展。来自俄勒冈州西部一个社区的二至五年级儿童（N = 809）参与了一项纵向研究。敌意和社交性由教师评分评估，原型、主观规范和意图在最初四次年度评估中的每次评估时通过自我报告进行评估。儿童的吸烟意图预测了他们在第五次评估时是否尝试过吸烟。对于两性来说，潜在增长模型表明，敌意而非社交性预测了吸烟意图的发展。敌意更强的儿童更有可能有更高的初始吸烟意图水平，对于男孩来说，这种影响通过他们更高的关于吸烟的初始主观规范水平来介导。社交性与男孩或女孩吸烟认知的发展无关。本文根据干预对吸烟意图早期影响的机会来讨论这些结果。
