Turiano Nicholas A, Whiteman Shawn D, Hampson Sarah E, Roberts Brent W, Mroczek Daniel K
Purdue University Department of Human Development & Family Studies, 1200 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN.
J Res Pers. 2012 Jun 1;46(3):295-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2012.02.009.
Personality traits predict substance use in adolescence, but less is known about prospective substance use in middle age and beyond. Moreover, there is growing interest in how personality change and the multiplicative effects among personality traits relate to substance use. Participants included approximately 4,000 adults aged 25-74 who participated in two waves of the Midlife in the U.S. (MIDUS) study. Higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and lower levels of conscientiousness and agreeableness predicted longitudinal substance use. Increases in neuroticism and openness predicted increased substance use while increases in conscientiousness and agreeableness predicted decreased substance use. Higher levels of conscientiousness moderated two of the other trait main effects. Personality, trait change, and interactions among traits reliably forecasted 10-year substance-use behaviors.
人格特质可预测青少年时期的物质使用情况，但对于中年及以后的前瞻性物质使用情况了解较少。此外，人们越来越关注人格变化以及人格特质之间的相乘效应与物质使用之间的关系。参与者包括约4000名年龄在25至74岁之间的成年人，他们参与了美国中年（MIDUS）研究的两波调查。神经质、外向性、开放性水平较高，尽责性和宜人性水平较低，预测了纵向物质使用情况。神经质和开放性的增加预测物质使用增加，而尽责性和宜人性的增加预测物质使用减少。较高的尽责性缓和了其他两个特质主效应中的两个。人格、特质变化以及特质之间的相互作用可靠地预测了10年的物质使用行为。
