Sentse Miranda, Scholte Ron, Salmivalli Christina, Voeten Marinus
Department of Sociology and Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS), University of Groningen, Grote Rozenstraat 31, 9712 TG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2007 Dec;35(6):1009-19. doi: 10.1007/s10802-007-9150-3. Epub 2007 Jun 23.
This study tested a person-group dissimilarity model for the relation between peer preference on the one hand, and bullying and victimization on the other. This model accounts for both individual and group (i.e., classroom) factors and postulates that children will be rejected by their peers when they display behaviors that deviate from the group norm. We tested the model in a sample of 2,578 early adolescents in 109 middle school classrooms. Multilevel analysis was used to account for our nested data when examining individual and group effects simultaneously in cross-level interaction terms. The results supported our hypotheses based on the dissimilarity model. Classroom norms of behavior appeared to affect the relation between involvement in bullying and peer preference, in that early adolescents who bullied were more likely to be rejected by their peers in a classroom where bullying was non-normative. In classrooms where bullying was normative, adolescents who bullied were less likely to be rejected or were even liked by their peers (i.e., positive scores on peer preference). The same was true for victimization, although victims still had low scores on peer preference even when victimization was normative. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed in terms of directions for future research and intervention in bullying.
本研究检验了一种人-群体差异模型，该模型用于探讨同伴偏好与欺凌及受欺负行为之间的关系。此模型兼顾了个体因素和群体（即班级）因素，并假定当儿童表现出偏离群体规范的行为时，他们会被同伴排斥。我们在109个中学班级的2578名青少年早期样本中对该模型进行了检验。在交叉水平交互项中同时考察个体和群体效应时，采用了多层分析来处理我们的嵌套数据。结果支持了基于差异模型的假设。课堂行为规范似乎会影响欺凌行为与同伴偏好之间的关系，具体表现为，在欺凌行为不规范的班级中，实施欺凌的青少年早期更容易被同伴排斥。在欺凌行为规范的班级中，实施欺凌的青少年被同伴排斥的可能性较小，甚至受到同伴喜欢（即同伴偏好得分为正数）。受欺负行为也是如此，尽管即使受欺负行为规范，受害者在同伴偏好方面的得分仍然较低。本文从未来欺凌研究和干预的方向方面讨论了这些结果的理论和实践意义。
