Lyamin Oleg, Pryaslova Julia, Kosenko Peter, Siegel Jerome
UCLA and VA GLAHS Sepulveda, CA, United States.
Physiol Behav. 2007 Nov 23;92(4):725-33. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.064. Epub 2007 May 31.
Adult dolphins are capable of sleeping with one eye open and exhibiting slow wave activity in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of one hemisphere at a time. The aim of this study was to examine the postpartum sleep behavior of bottlenose dolphin calves and their mothers. The behavior of three dolphin mother-calf pairs was monitored from birth to 13 months postpartum. Dolphin mothers and their calves exhibited a complete disappearance of rest at the surface for a minimum of 2 months postpartum, swimming in echelon formation on average in 97-100% of the observation time. Calves surfaced to breathe more often than their mothers between the postpartum age of 2 and 8 weeks. During the first postpartum month two dolphin mothers surfaced with both eyes open on average in 93 and 98% of the time while in their calves both eyes were open in 90 and 60% of the cases. In calves, the eye directed toward the mother was open more often (on average in 95% of all observations in calf 1 and 99% in calf 2) than the eye directed to the opposite side (82% in calf 1 and 60% in calf 2). Our data indicate that dolphin mothers and calves are highly active and vigilant during the initial period of the calf's life, continuously monitoring their position relative to each other by sight during wakefulness and sleep. We hypothesize that episodes of EEG slow wave activity at this time are likely to be brief, fragmenting EEG defined sleep into short episodes.
成年海豚能够睁着一只眼睛睡觉，并且每次在一个半球的脑电图（EEG）中表现出慢波活动。本研究的目的是检查宽吻海豚幼崽及其母亲产后的睡眠行为。对三对海豚母婴的行为从出生到产后13个月进行了监测。海豚母亲及其幼崽在产后至少2个月内完全停止在水面休息，在97%至100%的观察时间内平均以梯队形式游动。在产后2至8周期间，幼崽浮出水面呼吸的频率比它们的母亲更高。在产后的第一个月，两只海豚母亲平均有93%和98%的时间是睁着双眼浮出水面的，而它们的幼崽在90%和60%的情况下是睁着双眼的。在幼崽中，朝向母亲的眼睛睁开的频率更高（在幼崽1的所有观察中平均为95%，在幼崽2中为99%），而朝向另一侧的眼睛睁开的频率较低（在幼崽1中为82%，在幼崽2中为60%）。我们的数据表明，海豚母亲和幼崽在幼崽生命的最初阶段高度活跃且警惕，在清醒和睡眠期间通过视觉不断监测它们彼此之间的位置。我们推测，此时脑电图慢波活动的发作可能很短暂，将脑电图定义的睡眠分割成短片段。
