Levine Brett, Sporer Scott, Della Valle Craig J, Jacobs Joshua J, Paprosky Wayne
Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Ill, USA.
J Knee Surg. 2007 Jul;20(3):185-94. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1248041.
Porous tantalum represents an alternative metal for primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with several unique properties. Tantalum is a transition metal, which in its bulk form has shown excellent biocompatibility and is safe to use in vivo as evidenced by its current application in pacemaker electrodes, cranioplasty plates, and as radiopaque markers. Current designs for orthopedic implants maintain a high volumetric porosity (70%-80%), low modulus of elasticity (3 MPa), and high frictional characteristics, making this metal conducive to biologic fixation. The low modulus of elasticity of such components allows for more physiologic load transfer and relative preservation of bone stock. Its more bioactive nature and ingrowth properties have led to its use in primary as well as revision knee components with good early clinical results reported. In revision arthroplasty, it has been used as a structural bone graft substitute. Formation of a bone-like apatite coating in vivo affords strong fibrous ingrowth properties and allows for substantial soft-tissue attachment with the potential for use in cases such as mega-prostheses and patella salvage. Although porous tantalum is in its early stages of evolution, the initial clinical data and basic science studies support its use as an alternative to traditional orthopedic implant materials.
多孔钽是一种用于初次和翻修全膝关节置换术（TKA）的替代金属，具有多种独特性能。钽是一种过渡金属，其块状形式已显示出优异的生物相容性，并且在体内使用是安全的，目前在起搏器电极、颅骨成形术板以及作为不透射线标记物中的应用证明了这一点。目前的骨科植入物设计保持高体积孔隙率（70%-80%）、低弹性模量（3 MPa）和高摩擦特性，使得这种金属有利于生物固定。此类部件的低弹性模量允许更符合生理的负荷传递并相对保留骨量。其更具生物活性的性质和向内生长特性已使其用于初次以及翻修膝关节部件，并报告了良好的早期临床结果。在翻修关节置换术中，它已被用作结构性骨移植替代物。在体内形成类骨磷灰石涂层可提供强大的纤维向内生长特性，并允许大量软组织附着，有可能用于如大型假体和髌骨挽救等病例。尽管多孔钽尚处于发展初期，但初步临床数据和基础科学研究支持将其用作传统骨科植入材料的替代品。
