Huang Gan, Pan Shu-Ting, Qiu Jia-Xuan
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
Materials (Basel). 2021 May 18;14(10):2647. doi: 10.3390/ma14102647.
Porous tantalum (Ta) is a promising biomaterial and has been applied in orthopedics and dentistry for nearly two decades. The high porosity and interconnected pore structure of porous Ta promise fine bone ingrowth and new bone formation within the inner space, which further guarantee rapid osteointegration and bone-implant stability in the long term. Porous Ta has high wettability and surface energy that can facilitate adherence, proliferation and mineralization of osteoblasts. Meanwhile, the low elastic modulus and high friction coefficient of porous Ta allow it to effectively avoid the stress shield effect, minimize marginal bone loss and ensure primary stability. Accordingly, the satisfactory clinical application of porous Ta-based implants or prostheses is mainly derived from its excellent biological and mechanical properties. With the advent of additive manufacturing, personalized porous Ta-based implants or prostheses have shown their clinical value in the treatment of individual patients who need specially designed implants or prosthesis. In addition, many modification methods have been introduced to enhance the bioactivity and antibacterial property of porous Ta with promising in vitro and in vivo research results. In any case, choosing suitable patients is of great importance to guarantee surgical success after porous Ta insertion.
多孔钽（Ta）是一种很有前景的生物材料，已在骨科和牙科领域应用了近二十年。多孔钽的高孔隙率和相互连通的孔隙结构有利于骨向内生长以及在内部空间形成新骨，这进一步确保了长期的快速骨整合和骨植入稳定性。多孔钽具有高润湿性和表面能，可促进成骨细胞的黏附、增殖和矿化。同时，多孔钽的低弹性模量和高摩擦系数使其能够有效避免应力遮挡效应，将边缘骨丢失降至最低并确保初期稳定性。因此，基于多孔钽的植入物或假体令人满意的临床应用主要源于其优异的生物学和力学性能。随着增材制造的出现，个性化的多孔钽基植入物或假体在治疗需要特殊设计植入物或假体的个体患者中显示出了临床价值。此外，已经引入了许多改性方法来增强多孔钽的生物活性和抗菌性能，并取得了有前景的体外和体内研究成果。无论如何，选择合适的患者对于确保多孔钽植入术后的手术成功至关重要。
