Osswald Joana, Rellán Sandra, Gago Ana, Vasconcelos Vitor
Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
Environ Int. 2007 Nov;33(8):1070-89. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.06.003. Epub 2007 Jul 30.
Freshwater resources are under stress due to naturally occurring conditions and human impacts. One of the consequences is the proliferation of cyanobacteria, microphytoplankton organisms that are capable to produce toxins called cyanotoxins. Anatoxin-a is one of the main cyanotoxins. It is a very potent neurotoxin that was already responsible for some animal fatalities. In this review we endeavor to divulgate much of the internationally published information about toxicology, occurrence and detection methods of anatoxin-a. Cyanobacteria generalities, anatoxin-a occurrence and production as well as anatoxin-a toxicology and its methods of detection are the aspects focused in this review. Remediation of anatoxin-a occurrence will be addressed with a public health perspective. Final remarks call the attention for some important gaps in the knowledge about this neurotoxin and its implication to public health. Alterations of aquatic ecosystems caused by anatoxin-a is also addressed. Although anatoxin-a is not the more frequent cyanotoxin worldwide, it has to be regarded as a health risk that can be fatal to terrestrial and aquatic organisms because of its high toxicity.
由于自然条件和人类活动的影响，淡水资源面临压力。其中一个后果是蓝藻细菌的大量繁殖，蓝藻细菌是一种能够产生称为蓝藻毒素的毒素的微型浮游植物。类毒素-a是主要的蓝藻毒素之一。它是一种非常强效的神经毒素，已经导致了一些动物死亡。在这篇综述中，我们努力揭示国际上发表的关于类毒素-a的毒理学、存在情况和检测方法的诸多信息。蓝藻细菌概述、类毒素-a的存在与产生、类毒素-a的毒理学及其检测方法是本综述关注的方面。将从公共卫生角度探讨类毒素-a存在情况的修复。结语提请注意关于这种神经毒素及其对公共卫生影响的知识方面的一些重要空白。还讨论了类毒素-a对水生生态系统造成的改变。尽管类毒素-a并非全球最常见的蓝藻毒素，但由于其高毒性，必须将其视为对陆地和水生生物可能致命的健康风险。
