Wendelhag I, Gustavsson T, Suurküla M, Berglund G, Wikstrand J
Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
Clin Physiol. 1991 Nov;11(6):565-77. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-097x.1991.tb00676.x.
A B-mode [two-dimensional (2D)] image from the carotid artery may be described as containing seven echo zones. The aim of the present work is to discuss how lumen diameter and wall thickness can be measured from these zones, and to review some of the basic principles of ultrasound physics and imaging. Simple experiments were performed to identify the echoes defining intima-lumen interfaces. The results showed that: (1) The intima-media thickness of the near wall cannot be measured in a valid way. (2) The lumen diameter of a blood vessel is defined by the distance from the leading edge of the intima-lumen interface of the near wall (echo zone 3) to the leading edge of the lumen-intima interface of the fall wall (echo zone 5). (3) Previously published studies have validated the intima-media complex of the far wall as the distance from the leading edge of the lumen-intima interface of the far wall to the leading edge of the media-adventitia interface of the far wall (echo zone 7). We suggest that if measurements on the near wall are performed, measurements from the far wall should also be presented separately, and if lumen diameter is measured, that this measurement is carried out according to the leading edge principle. We describe a computerized analysing system for the measurement of wall thickness and plaque area on the carotid and femoral arteries. The system is based on a low-cost PC and a frame grabber board and calculates minimum, maximum and mean values of lumen diameter and wall thickness from a section of the artery.
来自颈动脉的B型[二维（2D）]图像可被描述为包含七个回声区。本研究的目的是讨论如何从这些区域测量管腔直径和管壁厚度，并回顾超声物理学和成像的一些基本原理。进行了简单的实验以识别定义内膜-管腔界面的回声。结果表明：（1）无法以有效的方式测量近壁的内膜中层厚度。（2）血管的管腔直径由近壁（回声区3）的内膜-管腔界面的前缘到后壁（回声区5）的管腔-内膜界面的前缘之间的距离定义。（3）先前发表的研究已验证后壁的内膜中层复合体为后壁的管腔-内膜界面的前缘到后壁的中膜-外膜界面的前缘之间的距离（回声区7）。我们建议，如果对近壁进行测量，也应单独呈现后壁的测量结果，并且如果测量管腔直径，应根据前缘原则进行此测量。我们描述了一种用于测量颈动脉和股动脉管壁厚度和斑块面积的计算机分析系统。该系统基于低成本的个人计算机和图像采集卡，并从动脉的一段计算管腔直径和管壁厚度的最小值、最大值和平均值。
