Klein R
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53792-0001.
Hum Factors. 1991 Oct;33(5):521-5. doi: 10.1177/001872089103300504.
As people age, a number of visual functions such as acuity, visual field, and night vision deteriorate. This decline in vision is associated in part with an increase in vehicular accidents per mile driven by the elderly. Four age-related ocular conditions--cataract, macular degeneration, open-angle glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy--are primarily responsible for the decline in visual acuity and visual field in the elderly. Few epidemiologic data are available about these diseases, and at present they cannot be prevented. There is need for more information about visual decline and how it affects driving performance and for development of pragmatic approaches for detecting and assessing the elderly driver with functional visual deficits.
随着人们年龄的增长，一些视觉功能，如视力、视野和夜视能力会逐渐衰退。视力的这种下降部分与老年人每英里驾车事故的增加有关。四种与年龄相关的眼部疾病——白内障、黄斑变性、开角型青光眼和糖尿病视网膜病变——是导致老年人视力和视野下降的主要原因。关于这些疾病的流行病学数据很少，目前也无法预防。需要更多关于视力下降及其如何影响驾驶性能的信息，以及开发实用的方法来检测和评估有功能性视觉缺陷的老年驾驶员。
