Magnusson S Peter, Hansen Mette, Langberg Henning, Miller Ben, Haraldsson Bjarki, Westh Eva Kjoeller, Koskinen Satu, Aagaard Per, Kjaer Michael
Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Int J Exp Pathol. 2007 Aug;88(4):237-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00551.x.
The reason why women sustain more soft tissue injury than men during physical activity is unknown. Connective tissue properties and extracellular matrix adaptability in human tendon were investigated in models that addressed biochemical, physiological and biomechanical aspects of tendon connective tissue in response to mechanical loading. Habitual training resulted in a larger patellar tendon in men but not in women. Following an acute bout of exercise, men had an elevated tendon collagen synthesis rate and this effect was less pronounced or absent in women. Moreover, levels of circulating oestrogen affected the acute exercise-related increase in collagen synthesis. Finally, the mechanical strength of isolated tendon collagen fascicles in men surpassed that of women. Thus, compared to men, women have (i) an attenuated tendon hypertrophy response to habitual training; (ii) a lower tendon collagen synthesis rate following acute exercise; (iii) a rate of tendon collagen synthesis which is further attenuated with elevated estradiol levels; and (iv) a lower mechanical strength of their tendons. These data indicate that tendons in women have a lower rate of new connective tissue formation, respond less to mechanical loading, and have a lower mechanical strength, which may leave the tissue more susceptible to injury.
女性在体育活动中比男性更容易遭受软组织损伤，其原因尚不清楚。在研究肌腱结缔组织响应机械负荷的生化、生理和生物力学方面的模型中，对人体肌腱的结缔组织特性和细胞外基质适应性进行了研究。习惯性训练导致男性髌腱增大，但女性没有。一次急性运动后，男性肌腱胶原蛋白合成率升高，而这种效应在女性中不明显或不存在。此外，循环雌激素水平影响了与急性运动相关的胶原蛋白合成增加。最后，男性分离的肌腱胶原束的机械强度超过女性。因此，与男性相比，女性（i）对习惯性训练的肌腱肥大反应减弱；（ii）急性运动后肌腱胶原蛋白合成率较低；（iii）随着雌二醇水平升高，肌腱胶原蛋白合成率进一步减弱；（iv）肌腱的机械强度较低。这些数据表明，女性的肌腱新结缔组织形成率较低，对机械负荷的反应较小，机械强度较低，这可能使组织更容易受到损伤。
