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发育性协调障碍和注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的工作记忆、处理速度和任务转换能力

Working memory, processing speed, and set-shifting in children with developmental coordination disorder and attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

作者信息

Piek Jan P, Dyck Murray J, Francis Mona, Conwell Alistair

机构信息

School of Psychology, Curtin University of Technology, Western Australia, Perth, Australia.

出版信息

Dev Med Child Neurol. 2007 Sep;49(9):678-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2007.00678.x.

Abstract

It has been suggested that the high levels of comorbidity between attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and developmental coordination disorder (DCD) may be attributed to a common underlying neurocognitive mechanism. This study assessed whether children with DCD and ADHD share deficits on tasks measuring working memory, set-shifting, and processing speed. A total of 195 children aged between 6 years 6 months and 14 years 1 month (mean 10y 4mo [SD 2y 2mo]) were included in this study. A control group (59 males, 79 females), a DCD group (12 males, six females), an ADHD-predominantly inattentive group (16 males, four females), and an ADHD-combined group (15 males, four females), were tested on three executive functioning tasks. Children with DCD were significantly slower on all tasks, supporting past evidence of a timing deficit in these children. With few exceptions, children with ADHD did not perform more poorly than control children. These findings demonstrate the importance of identifying children with motor deficits when examining tasks involving a timing component.

摘要

有人提出,注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)与发育性协调障碍(DCD)之间的高共病率可能归因于一种共同的潜在神经认知机制。本研究评估了患有DCD和ADHD的儿童在测量工作记忆、转换任务和处理速度的任务上是否存在共同缺陷。本研究共纳入了195名年龄在6岁6个月至14岁1个月之间(平均10岁4个月[标准差2岁2个月])的儿童。一个对照组(59名男性,79名女性)、一个DCD组(12名男性,6名女性)、一个以注意力不集中为主的ADHD组(16名男性,4名女性)和一个混合型ADHD组(15名男性,4名女性)接受了三项执行功能任务测试。DCD组儿童在所有任务上的速度明显较慢,这支持了过去关于这些儿童存在时间缺陷的证据。除了少数例外情况,ADHD组儿童的表现并不比对照组儿童差。这些发现表明,在检查涉及时间成分的任务时,识别出有运动缺陷的儿童很重要。

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