Crawford S G, Dewey D
Behavioural Research Unit, Alberta Children's Hospital, 2888 Shaganappi Trail NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3B 6A8.
Hum Mov Sci. 2008 Feb;27(1):154-69. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2007.09.002. Epub 2008 Jan 14.
A study was conducted to examine how visual perceptual functioning in children with DCD may be influenced by co-occurring learning problems such as reading disabilities (RD) and/or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Participants included seven groups of children: 27 children with DCD only, 11 with ADHD only, 14 with RD only, 63 with DCD and at least one other disorder (i.e., DCD + ADHD, DCD + RD, DCD + ADHD + RD), and 73 typically developing controls. Visual perceptual skills were assessed using the Test of Visual Perceptual Skills (TVPS) and the Rey Osterreith Complex Figure (ROCF; copy and delayed recall). Children with DCD and at least one other disorder were found to have impairments on the TVPS compared to children with DCD only, ADHD only, and typically developing controls, particularly on subtests assessing visual memory. On the ROCF, children with DCD and at least one other disorder scored significantly lower than children with ADHD only or RD only. Children with DCD plus one other disorder were then subdivided into three groups: DCD + ADHD, DCD + RD, and DCD + ADHD + RD and compared to children with DCD only, ADHD only, and RD only. Results indicated that children with DCD + ADHD + RD had significant impairments on the TVPS compared to children with DCD only and children with ADHD only. On the ROCF, children with DCD + ADHD + RD scored significantly lower than all of the groups, except the DCD+RD group. These findings suggest that DCD on its own is not associated with visual perceptual problems; rather, it is the presence of co-occurring disorders that is a possible key to visual perceptual deficits in children with DCD. The number of co-occurring disorders present with DCD is associated with the severity of the visual perceptual dysfunction. Deficits in visual memory skills appear to be a specific area of difficulty for children with DCD and co-occurring RD and/or ADHD.
一项研究旨在考察发育性协调障碍（DCD）儿童的视觉感知功能如何受到同时出现的学习问题的影响，这些问题如阅读障碍（RD）和/或注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。参与者包括七组儿童：27名仅患有DCD的儿童、11名仅患有ADHD的儿童、14名仅患有RD的儿童、63名患有DCD且至少患有一种其他障碍的儿童（即DCD + ADHD、DCD + RD、DCD + ADHD + RD），以及73名发育正常的对照组儿童。使用视觉感知技能测试（TVPS）和雷-奥斯特里茨复杂图形测试（ROCF；临摹和延迟回忆）对视觉感知技能进行评估。结果发现，与仅患有DCD、仅患有ADHD以及发育正常的对照组儿童相比，患有DCD且至少患有一种其他障碍的儿童在TVPS测试中存在损伤，尤其是在评估视觉记忆的子测试中。在ROCF测试中，患有DCD且至少患有一种其他障碍的儿童得分显著低于仅患有ADHD或仅患有RD的儿童。然后，将患有DCD且伴有另一种障碍的儿童细分为三组：DCD + ADHD、DCD + RD和DCD + ADHD + RD，并与仅患有DCD、仅患有ADHD和仅患有RD的儿童进行比较。结果表明，与仅患有DCD的儿童和仅患有ADHD的儿童相比，患有DCD + ADHD + RD的儿童在TVPS测试中存在显著损伤。在ROCF测试中，患有DCD + ADHD + RD的儿童得分显著低于所有组，但DCD + RD组除外。这些发现表明，单独的DCD与视觉感知问题无关；相反，同时出现的障碍可能是DCD儿童视觉感知缺陷的一个关键因素。与DCD同时出现的障碍数量与视觉感知功能障碍的严重程度相关。视觉记忆技能缺陷似乎是患有DCD以及同时患有RD和/或ADHD的儿童的一个特定困难领域。
