Yamamoto Hiroshi, Nakamura Yudai, Nakamura Yuki, Kitani Chise, Imari Tetsuya, Sekizawa Jun, Takao Yuji, Yamashita Naoyuki, Hirai Narisato, Oda Shigeto, Tatarazako Norihisa
Department of Physical, Chemical, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan.
Environ Sci. 2007;14(4):177-93.
Eight pharmaceuticals were selected on the basis of their domestic consumption in Japan, the excretion ratio of the parent compound and the frequency of detection in the aquatic environment or wastewater treatment plant effluent. Toxicity tests on these pharmaceuticals were conducted using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), daphnia (Daphnia magna), and green algae (Psuedokirchneriella subcapitata). Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) was calculated using lethal or effect concentration 50 (LC50 or EC50) values and no effect concentration (NOEC) obtained in the toxicity tests for these compounds. Predicted environmental concentration (PEC) was also calculated from annual consumption, the excretion rate of the parent compound, and removal rate in the preliminary batch activated sludge treatment performed in this study. Maximum concentrations found in the aquatic environment or sewage effluent in Japan or foreign countries were also used for another calculation of PEC. Initial risk assessment on the selected pharmaceuticals was performed using the PEC/PNEC ratio. The results of initial risk assessment on the eight selected pharmaceuticals suggest neither urgent nor severe concern for the ecological risk of these compounds, but further study needs to be conducted using chronic toxicity tests, including reproduction inhibition and endocrine disruption assessments.
根据这些药物在日本的国内消费量、母体化合物的排泄率以及在水环境或污水处理厂废水中的检出频率，选取了8种药物。使用日本青鳉（Oryzias latipes）、水蚤（Daphnia magna）和绿藻（Psuedokirchneriella subcapitata）对这些药物进行了毒性测试。利用这些化合物在毒性测试中获得的致死浓度或效应浓度50（LC50或EC50）值以及无效应浓度（NOEC），计算预测无效应浓度（PNEC）。还根据年消费量、母体化合物的排泄率以及本研究中进行的初步间歇式活性污泥处理中的去除率，计算预测环境浓度（PEC）。日本或其他国家在水环境或污水排放中发现的最大浓度也用于PEC的另一项计算。使用PEC/PNEC比值对所选药物进行了初步风险评估。对所选8种药物的初步风险评估结果表明，这些化合物的生态风险既不紧急也不严重，但需要使用慢性毒性测试进行进一步研究，包括繁殖抑制和内分泌干扰评估。
