Environmental Engineering Department, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Dec;26(36):36887-36902. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06821-4. Epub 2019 Nov 19.
The occurrence of anti-inflammatory and analgesic pharmaceuticals (AIAPs) in the effluents of 16 hospitals, influent and effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), the contribution and mass load of each hospital to WWTP influent, and the removal efficiencies in WWTP were investigated. Environmental risk was also evaluated by toxicity tests using organisms from three different trophic levels. Acetaminophen had the highest concentration in summer and winter samples, followed by ketoprofen, ibuprofen, and naproxen. The total daily load of AIAPs detected in influent of WWTP was 1677 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in summer and 5074 mg/day/1000 inhabitants in winter. The contribution of 16 hospitals to the total AIAP load in influent of WWTP was 11.30% in summer and 7.09% in winter. The highest mass loads were calculated as 203 mg/bed.day in general hospital in summer and 300 mg/bed.day in pediatric hospital in winter. The removal efficiencies of AIAPs in WWTP ranged between 13% and 100% in summer and 0.88% and 99% in winter. WWTP is not sufficient to remove all the AIAPs. Diclofenac (in summer), mefenamic acid, indomethacin, and phenylbutazone exhibited poor removal below 50%. The effluents of the WWTP exhibited a low risk for fish and Daphnia magna and an insignificant risk for algae.
研究了 16 家医院污水、污水处理厂（WWTP）进水和出水、各医院对 WWTP 进水的贡献和质量负荷以及 WWTP 去除效率中抗炎和镇痛药物（AIAPs）的排放情况。还通过使用来自三个不同营养级别的生物进行毒性试验评估了环境风险。在夏季和冬季的样本中，对乙酰氨基酚的浓度最高，其次是酮洛芬、布洛芬和萘普生。在夏季 WWTP 进水中检测到的 AIAP 总日负荷为 1677 毫克/天/ 1000 居民，在冬季为 5074 毫克/天/ 1000 居民。16 家医院对 WWTP 进水中 AIAP 总负荷的贡献在夏季为 11.30%，在冬季为 7.09%。夏季综合医院的最高质量负荷为 203 毫克/床/天，冬季儿科医院的最高质量负荷为 300 毫克/床/天。夏季 WWTP 对 AIAP 的去除效率在 13%到 100%之间，冬季在 0.88%到 99%之间。WWTP 不足以去除所有的 AIAPs。在夏季，双氯芬酸（diclofenac）、甲芬那酸、吲哚美辛和保泰松的去除率低于 50%，去除效果较差。WWTP 的出水对鱼类和大型蚤的风险较低，对藻类的风险可以忽略不计。
