Gudziol H, Rahneberg K, Burkert S
Klinik und Poliklinik für Hals-Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde, Klinikum der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.
Laryngorhinootologie. 2007 Sep;86(9):640-3. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-966228.
The senses of smell and taste interact closely during eating and drinking and can sensitize each other. The conditioning olfactory priming disappears with permanent anosmia, so one can suppose that has effects on taste sensibility.
The thresholds of taste recognition were measured for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter by using the 3-drops-method according to Henkin in 39 anosmics and were compared with those of 39 normal subjects of the same age and gender.
Anosmics had a poorer, i. e. higher recognition threshold for all taste qualities than normal persons. The median recognition threshold of bitter was 8 times, of salty four times, and of sour twice higher. The median recognition thresholds of sweet were equal. The gustatory recognition thresholds of the young and older anosmics didn't differ significantly. The recognition thresholds of young and older normal subjects were not different except sour. The duration and the cause of anosmia had no influence on the recognition thresholds.
Anosmics actually taste all four taste qualities more poorly. That olfacto-gustatory decline should be considered for insurance reports. Anosmics should be advised to spice their meals gustatorily for coping strategy.
嗅觉和味觉在饮食过程中密切相互作用,且能使彼此敏感化。条件性嗅觉启动会随着永久性嗅觉丧失而消失,因此可以推测其对味觉敏感性有影响。
采用根据亨金(Henkin)的3滴法,对39名嗅觉丧失者的甜、咸、酸、苦味觉识别阈值进行测量,并与39名年龄和性别相同的正常受试者的阈值进行比较。
嗅觉丧失者对所有味觉品质的识别能力较差,即识别阈值高于正常人。苦味的中位数识别阈值是正常人的8倍,咸味是4倍,酸味是2倍。甜味的中位数识别阈值相同。年轻和年长的嗅觉丧失者的味觉识别阈值无显著差异。除酸味外,年轻和年长正常受试者的识别阈值没有差异。嗅觉丧失的持续时间和原因对识别阈值没有影响。
嗅觉丧失者实际上对所有四种味觉品质的品尝能力都更差。在保险报告中应考虑这种嗅觉 - 味觉衰退情况。应建议嗅觉丧失者通过增加食物的味觉调料来作为应对策略。