Laughlin R B
Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):525-33. doi: 10.1126/science.242.4878.525.
The case is made that the spin-liquid state of a Mott insulator, hypothesized to exist by Anderson and identified by him as the correct context for discussing high-temperature superconductors, occurs in these materials and exhibits the principles of fractional quantization identified in the fractional quantum Hall effect. The most important of these is that particles carrying a fraction of an elementary quantum number, in this case spin, attract one another by a powerful gauge force, which can lead to a new kind of superconductivity. The temperature scale for the superconductivity is set by an energy gap in the spin-wave spectrum, which is also the fundamental measure of how "liquid" the spins are.
有人认为，莫特绝缘体的自旋液体态存在于这些材料中，并展现出分数量子霍尔效应中所确定的分数量子化原理。这种自旋液体态由安德森提出并假设存在，他认为这是讨论高温超导的正确背景。其中最重要的一点是，携带分数基本量子数（在这种情况下是自旋）的粒子通过强大的规范力相互吸引，这可能导致一种新型超导性。超导的温度尺度由自旋波谱中的能隙设定，而能隙也是自旋“液态”程度的基本度量。
