Thomas Elju E, De Vito Giuseppe, Macaluso Andrea
Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Strathclyde, 27 Taylor St., Glasgow, UK G4 0NR.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2007 Nov;103(5):1598-603. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00399.2007. Epub 2007 Sep 6.
This randomized controlled study was designed to prove the hypothesis that a novel approach to high-speed interval training, based on walking on a treadmill with the use of body weight unloading (BWU), would have improved energy cost and speed of overground walking in healthy older women. Participants were randomly assigned to either the exercise group (n = 11, 79.6 +/- 3.7 yr, mean +/- SD) or the nonintervention control group (n = 11, 77.6 +/- 2.3 yr). During the first 6 wk, the exercise group performed walking interval training on the treadmill with 40% BWU at the maximal walking speed corresponding to an intensity close to heart rate at ventilatory threshold (T(vent) walking speed). Each session consisted of four sets of 5 min of walking (three 1-min periods at T(vent) walking speed, with two 1-min intervals at comfortable walking speed in between each period at T(vent) walking speed) with 1-min interval between each set. Speed was increased session by session until the end of week 6. BWU was then progressively reduced to 10% during the last 6 wk of intervention. After 12 wk, the walking energy cost per unit of distance at all self-selected overground walking speeds (slow, comfortable, and fast) was significantly reduced in the range from 18 to 21%. The exercise group showed a 13% increase in maximal walking speed and a 67% increase in mechanical power output at T(vent) after the training program. The novel "overspeed" training approach has been demonstrated to be effective in improving energy cost and speed of overground walking in healthy older women.
一种基于在跑步机上行走并使用体重卸载（BWU）的新型高速间歇训练方法，能够改善健康老年女性的能量消耗以及地面行走速度。参与者被随机分为运动组（n = 11，79.6 +/- 3.7岁，均值 +/- 标准差）或非干预对照组（n = 11，77.6 +/- 2.3岁）。在最初的6周内，运动组在跑步机上以40%的体重卸载量，在对应于接近通气阈值时心率的最大行走速度（T(vent)行走速度）进行步行间歇训练。每次训练包括四组，每组5分钟的行走（在T(vent)行走速度下进行三个1分钟时段，每个T(vent)行走速度时段之间有两个1分钟的舒适行走速度间隔），每组之间间隔1分钟。速度逐次增加，直至第6周结束。在干预的最后6周内，体重卸载量逐渐降至10%。12周后，在所有自选的地面行走速度（慢、舒适和快）下，每单位距离的行走能量消耗显著降低了18%至21%。训练计划结束后，运动组的最大行走速度提高了13%，在通气阈值时的机械功率输出增加了67%。这种新型的“超速”训练方法已被证明在改善健康老年女性的能量消耗和地面行走速度方面是有效的。
