Post J Christopher, Hiller N Luisa, Nistico Laura, Stoodley Paul, Ehrlich Garth D
Center for Genomic Sciences, Allegheny Singer Research Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007 Oct;15(5):347-51. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282b97327.
Biofilms have been shown to play a role in otitis media, sinusitis, cholesteatoma, tonsillitis, adenoiditis, and device infections. This article is written to review recent advances in the field.
The role of biofilms in the persistence of chronic, mucosal-based ENT-related infections was first recognized in otitis media. Definitive proof was lacking until the demonstration of bacterial biofilms on the middle-ear mucosa of children, not only with chronic otitis media with effusion, but also with recurrent otitis media. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cholesteatoma are avid biofilm formers. Biofilms have been reported in the adenoids of children with chronic rhinosinusitis, helping to explain the clinical observation that adenoidectomy can be beneficial to children with chronic otitis or chronic rhinosinusiti. Additional studies have confirmed the presence of biofilms in chronic tonsillitis. Biofilms have also been shown to be involved in infected cochlear implants and tracheotomy tubes.
The recognition that chronic otolaryngologic bacterial infections are biofilm related has been the impetus for the development of new technologies for the study of biofilms and their prevention and treatment. Understanding that chronic bacterial infections are biofilm related is fundamental to developing rationale strategies for treatment and prevention.
生物膜已被证明在中耳炎、鼻窦炎、胆脂瘤、扁桃体炎、腺样体炎及器械感染中发挥作用。本文旨在综述该领域的最新进展。
生物膜在慢性、基于黏膜的耳鼻喉相关感染持续存在中的作用最早在中耳炎中得到认识。直到在儿童中耳黏膜上发现细菌生物膜，确凿证据才得以确立，不仅在伴有中耳积液的慢性中耳炎患儿中发现，在复发性中耳炎患儿中也发现了。从胆脂瘤中分离出的铜绿假单胞菌菌株是活跃的生物膜形成菌。在慢性鼻窦炎患儿的腺样体中已报道有生物膜，这有助于解释腺样体切除术对慢性中耳炎或慢性鼻窦炎患儿有益的临床观察结果。更多研究证实慢性扁桃体炎中存在生物膜。生物膜也已被证明与感染的人工耳蜗及气管切开管有关。
认识到慢性耳鼻喉细菌感染与生物膜有关，推动了生物膜研究及其预防和治疗新技术的发展。理解慢性细菌感染与生物膜有关是制定合理治疗和预防策略的基础。
