Hendricks Michael K, Eley Brian, Bourne Lesley T
Child Health Unit, School of Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Matern Child Nutr. 2007 Oct;3(4):322-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00116.x.
The implications for food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) that are being developed in South Africa are reviewed in relation to HIV-exposed and -infected children. The nutritional consequences of HIV infection and nutritional requirements along with programmes and guidelines to address undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency in these children are also investigated. Based on studies for HIV-infected children in South Africa, more than 50% are underweight and stunted, while more than 60% have multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Nutritional problems in these children are currently addressed through the Prevention-of-Mother-to-Child Transmission Programme (PMTCT), the Integrated Nutrition Programme and Guidelines for the Management of HIV-infected Children which include antiretroviral (ARV) therapy in South Africa. Evaluations relating to the implementation of these programmes and guidelines have not been conducted nationally, although certain studies show that coverage of the PMTCT and the ARV therapy programmes was low. FBDGs for infants and young children could complement and strengthen the implementation of these programmes and guidelines. However, FBDGs must be in line with national and international guidelines and address key nutritional issues in these infants and young children. These issues and various recommendations are discussed in detail in this review.
本文针对南非正在制定的基于食物的膳食指南（FBDGs）与暴露于艾滋病毒及感染艾滋病毒的儿童的相关性进行了综述。同时还研究了艾滋病毒感染的营养后果、营养需求以及解决这些儿童营养不良和微量营养素缺乏问题的方案与指南。基于对南非感染艾滋病毒儿童的研究，超过50%的儿童体重不足且发育迟缓，超过60%的儿童存在多种微量营养素缺乏。目前，南非通过预防母婴传播计划（PMTCT）、综合营养计划以及艾滋病毒感染儿童管理指南（其中包括抗逆转录病毒疗法）来解决这些儿童的营养问题。尽管某些研究表明预防母婴传播计划和抗逆转录病毒疗法项目的覆盖率较低，但尚未在全国范围内对这些计划和指南的实施情况进行评估。婴幼儿的基于食物的膳食指南可以补充并加强这些计划和指南的实施。然而，基于食物的膳食指南必须符合国家和国际指南，并解决这些婴幼儿的关键营养问题。本综述将详细讨论这些问题及各种建议。
