Kourtis Athena P, Jamieson Denise J, de Vincenzi Isabelle, Taylor Allan, Thigpen Michael C, Dao Halima, Farley Timothy, Fowler Mary Glenn
Division of Reproductive Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Sep;197(3 Suppl):S113-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2007.03.003.
Breastfeeding accounts for up to half of all infant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections worldwide and carries an estimated transmission risk of about 15% when continued into the second year of life. Because replacement feeding is not safely available, culturally acceptable, or affordable in many parts of the world and because breastfeeding provides protection against other causes of infant mortality, approaches that reduce breastfeeding mother-to child transmission of HIV are being explored. These include exclusive breastfeeding for the infant's first few months of life followed by rapid weaning, treatments of expressed milk to inactivate the virus, and antiretroviral prophylaxis taken by the infant or mother during breastfeeding, which are strategies currently being tested in clinical trials. Passive (antibodies) and active (vaccine) immunoprophylaxis will also soon begin to be tested. This paper focuses on current and planned research on strategies to prevent breastfeeding transmission of HIV.
在全球范围内，母乳喂养导致的婴儿感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）病例占所有此类感染病例的一半，若持续至婴儿出生后第二年，其传播风险估计约为15%。由于在世界许多地区，替代喂养方式并不安全、不符合文化习惯或费用过高，且母乳喂养可预防婴儿因其他原因死亡，因此人们正在探索降低母乳喂养母婴传播HIV的方法。这些方法包括婴儿出生后头几个月进行纯母乳喂养，随后快速断奶；对挤出的母乳进行处理以灭活病毒；以及婴儿或母亲在母乳喂养期间服用抗逆转录病毒药物进行预防，这些策略目前正在临床试验中进行测试。被动（抗体）和主动（疫苗）免疫预防也将很快开始进行测试。本文重点关注当前及计划开展的预防母乳喂养传播HIV策略的研究。
