Division of HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2010 Dec;37(4):807-24, ix-x. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2010.08.001.
Breastfeeding accounts for about 40% of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 worldwide and carries an estimated risk of transmission of 0.9% per month after the first month of breastfeeding. It is recommended that HIV-1-infected women completely avoid breastfeeding in settings where safe feeding alternatives exist. However, as replacement feeding is not safely available in many parts of the world, and because breastfeeding provides optimal nutrition and protection against other infant infections, there is intense ongoing research to make breastfeeding safe for HIV-1-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. More research is needed to determine the optimal duration of breastfeeding, optimal weaning practices, and which individual antiretroviral prophylactic regimen is best for HIV-1-infected mothers and their infants in a particular setting.
母乳喂养占全球 HIV-1 母婴传播的约 40%，在母乳喂养第一个月后，估计每月传播风险为 0.9%。建议在存在安全喂养替代方法的情况下，HIV-1 感染的妇女完全避免母乳喂养。然而，在世界许多地方，替代喂养并不安全，而且母乳喂养提供了最佳的营养和对其他婴儿感染的保护，因此，正在进行激烈的研究，以确保资源有限环境下 HIV-1 感染的母亲进行母乳喂养的安全性。需要更多的研究来确定最佳的母乳喂养持续时间、最佳的断奶方法，以及在特定环境下哪种个体化抗逆转录病毒预防方案对 HIV-1 感染的母亲及其婴儿最有效。
