Patrizio P, Fragouli E, Bianchi V, Borini A, Wells D
Yale University Fertility Centre, 150 Sargent Drive, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2007 Sep;15(3):346-53. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60349-5.
Some recent strategies for identifying the ideal oocyte for insemination in assisted reproduction techniques are reviewed. Established methods of assessing the female gamete, such as morphological evaluation of oocytes and cytogenetic analysis of polar bodies using fluorescence in-situ hybridization, will soon be joined by more advanced cytogenetic methods such as the use of comparative genomic hybridization to improve understanding of oocyte genetics. It seems likely, however, that the greatest advances will originate from the evolution of molecular genetic technologies. The application of microarray technology to individual oocytes and their associated cumulus cells has recently been accomplished, providing a simultaneous assessment of activity for thousands of genes and revealing potential viability markers. Furthermore, improved equipment and optimized methods of mass spectrometry have provided sufficient sensitivity to allow proteomic profiles to be generated from single oocytes and embryos, while metabolomic investigations have searched for indicators of oocyte/embryo quality in spent culture medium. Techniques of this type may ultimately lead to non-invasive tests for oocyte quality revealing previously hidden information concerning both oocyte and embryo developmental competence. Once fully validated, these new approaches are expected to revolutionize oocyte and embryo selection, leading to improved implantation rates and higher probabilities of success using elective single embryo transfer.
本文综述了辅助生殖技术中一些用于识别理想授精卵母细胞的最新策略。评估雌配子的既定方法，如卵母细胞形态学评估和使用荧光原位杂交技术对极体进行细胞遗传学分析，很快将被更先进的细胞遗传学方法所补充，比如利用比较基因组杂交技术来增进对卵母细胞遗传学的理解。然而，最大的进展似乎可能源自分子遗传技术的发展。微阵列技术已成功应用于单个卵母细胞及其相关的卵丘细胞，可同时评估数千个基因的活性，并揭示潜在的活力标志物。此外，改进后的设备和优化的质谱方法具备了足够的灵敏度，能够从单个卵母细胞和胚胎生成蛋白质组图谱，而代谢组学研究则在废弃的培养基中寻找卵母细胞/胚胎质量的指标。这类技术最终可能会带来卵母细胞质量的非侵入性检测，揭示有关卵母细胞和胚胎发育能力的先前隐藏信息。一旦得到充分验证，这些新方法有望彻底改变卵母细胞和胚胎的选择方式，提高着床率，并增加采用选择性单胚胎移植获得成功的概率。
