Ardalan Mohammad R, Shoja Mohammadali M, Tubbs R Shane, Eknoyan Garabed
Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research center, Tabriz Medical University, Tabriz, Iran.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007 Dec;22(12):3413-21. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfm494. Epub 2007 Sep 12.
The centralization of socioeconomic resources following the rise of the Islamic empire in the 7th century nurtured an initial gathering and translation into Arabic of extant medical texts in Greek, Syriac, Hindu and Chinese. As Arabic became the lingua franca of scholarship, there followed a second period of assimilation, original observations, commentary and systematization of medical knowledge in Arabic texts, which became the basis of revival and learned medicine in the West in the 12th century. However, not all medical texts of the period were written in Arabic. As central power eroded, provincial principalities arose, and regional cultures flourished, medical texts began to be written in local dialects, particularly in Persia. Notable amongst those and probably the oldest is the Hidayat al-Muallimin fi-al-Tibb (Learner's; guide to medicine) written by Abubakr al-Akawayni al-Bokhari in the closing decades of the 10th century. Written in Farsi and dedicated to his son and other students of medicine, the Hidayat is a relatively short and simplified pandect of medicine at the time and provides a glimpse of the teaching of medicine of the period. The present article is a translation of the sections of the Hidayat related to the kidney and urinary tract and their diseases. These early writings provide insight into the care of patients with kidney disease during the Middle Ages in general, and in Persia in particular.
公元7世纪伊斯兰帝国崛起后，社会经济资源的集中促使现存的希腊、叙利亚、印度和中国医学文本最初被收集并翻译成阿拉伯语。随着阿拉伯语成为学术通用语，随后进入了第二个阶段，即对医学知识进行吸收、原创观察、评论并在阿拉伯语文本中进行系统化整理，这些文本成为了12世纪西方医学复兴和学术医学的基础。然而，这一时期并非所有医学文本都是用阿拉伯语撰写的。随着中央权力的削弱，地方公国兴起，区域文化繁荣，医学文本开始用当地方言撰写，尤其是在波斯。其中值得注意且可能是最古老的一部是10世纪最后几十年由阿布巴克尔·阿卡瓦尼·布哈里撰写的《医学学习者指南》。该指南用波斯语写成，献给了他的儿子和其他医学学生，它是当时一部相对简短且简化的医学总论，让我们得以一窥那个时期医学教学的情况。本文是《医学学习者指南》中与肾脏和泌尿系统及其疾病相关章节的译文。这些早期著作总体上为了解中世纪，尤其是波斯地区肾病患者的护理情况提供了见解。
