Khodadoust Kazem, Ardalan Mohammadreza, Pourabbas Reza, Abdolrahimi Majid
PhD, Philosophy and History of Medicine Research Center and Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
Professor, Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;
J Med Ethics Hist Med. 2013 Nov 2;6:9. eCollection 2013.
Persian physicians had a great role in assimilation and expansion of medical sciences during the medieval period and Islamic golden age. In fact the dominant medical figures of that period were of Persian origin such as Avicenna and Razes, but their works have been written in Arabic that was the lingua franca of the period. Undoubtedly the most substantial medical book of that period that has been written in Persian belongs to Abubakr Rabi ibn Ahmad al-Akhawayni al-Bokhari and his book, Hidayat al-Mutallimin fi-al-Tibb (Learner's Guide to Medicine).There are two chapters related to oral and dental diseases in the Hidayat, a chapter on dental pain and a chapter on bouccal pain. Akhawayni's views on dental diseases and treatments are mainly based on anatomical principles and less influenced by humeral theory and no mention about the charms, magic and amulets. False idea of dental worm cannot be seen among his writings. Cutting of the dental nerve for relieving the pain, using the anesthetizing fume, using the natural antiseptic and keeping the tooth extraction as the last recourse deserves high praise.
在中世纪和伊斯兰黄金时代，波斯医生在医学科学的吸收和发展中发挥了重要作用。事实上，那个时期的主要医学人物都来自波斯，比如阿维森纳和拉齐斯，但他们的著作是用当时的通用语言阿拉伯语写成的。毫无疑问，那个时期用波斯语写成的最重要的医学书籍当属阿布巴克尔·拉比·伊本·艾哈迈德·阿克哈维尼·布哈里的《医学初学者指南》。《指南》中有两章涉及口腔和牙齿疾病，一章是关于牙痛，另一章是关于口腔疼痛。阿克哈维尼对牙齿疾病和治疗的观点主要基于解剖学原理，较少受到体液学说的影响，也没有提及符咒、魔法和护身符。在他的著作中看不到关于牙虫的错误观念。为缓解疼痛而切断牙神经、使用麻醉烟雾、使用天然防腐剂以及将拔牙作为最后手段的做法值得高度赞扬。
