Lauriks S, Reinersmann A, Van der Roest H G, Meiland F J M, Davies R J, Moelaert F, Mulvenna M D, Nugent C D, Dröes R M
Regional Mental Health Institute GGZ-Buitenamstel Geestgronden/Alzheimer Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Ageing Res Rev. 2007 Oct;6(3):223-46. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2007.07.002. Epub 2007 Aug 2.
Some of the needs that people with dementia and their informal carers currently perceive as insufficiently met by regular care and support services might be alleviated, or even be met, using modern Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The study described in this paper was designed to provide an insight into the state of the art in ICT solutions that could contribute to meet the most frequently mentioned unmet needs by people with dementia and their informal carers. These needs can be summarized as (1) the need for general and personalized information; (2) the need for support with regard to symptoms of dementia; (3) the need for social contact and company; and (4) the need for health monitoring and perceived safety. Databases that were searched include: PubMed, Cinahl, Psychinfo, Google (Scholar), INSPEC and IEEE. In total 22 websites and 46 publications were included that satisfied the following criteria: the article reports on people with dementia and/or their informal carers and discusses an ICT-device that has been tested within the target group and has proven to be helpful. Within the first need area 18 relevant websites and three studies were included; within the second need area 4 websites and 20 publications were included. Within the third and fourth need area 11 and 12 publications were included respectively. Most articles reported on uncontrolled studies. It is concluded that the informational websites offer helpful information for carers but seem less attuned to the person with dementia and do not offer personalized information. ICT solutions aimed at compensating for disabilities, such as memory problems and daily activities demonstrate that people with mild to moderate dementia are capable of handling simple electronic equipment and can benefit from it in terms of more confidence and enhanced positive effect. Instrumental ICT-support for coping with behavioral and psychological changes in dementia is relatively disregarded as yet, while support for social contact can be effectively realized through, for example, simplified (mobile) phones or videophones or (entertainment) robots. GPS technology and monitoring systems are proven to result in enhanced feelings of safety and less fear and anxiety. Though these results are promising, more controlled studies in which the developed ICT solutions are tested in real life situations are needed before implementing them in the care for people with dementia. It is recommended that future studies also focus on the integration of the current techniques and solutions.
痴呆症患者及其非正式护理人员目前认为常规护理和支持服务未能充分满足的一些需求，或许可以通过使用现代信息通信技术（ICT）来缓解，甚至得到满足。本文所述的研究旨在深入了解ICT解决方案的现状，这些方案有助于满足痴呆症患者及其非正式护理人员最常提及的未满足需求。这些需求可概括为：（1）获取一般和个性化信息的需求；（2）在痴呆症症状方面获得支持的需求；（3）社交联系和陪伴的需求；（4）健康监测和安全感的需求。所检索的数据库包括：PubMed、Cinahl、Psychinfo、谷歌（学术）、INSPEC和IEEE。总共纳入了22个网站和46篇出版物，这些符合以下标准：文章报道了痴呆症患者和/或其非正式护理人员，并讨论了在目标群体中进行过测试且已证明有帮助的ICT设备。在第一个需求领域，纳入了18个相关网站和三项研究；在第二个需求领域，纳入了4个网站和20篇出版物。在第三和第四个需求领域分别纳入了11篇和12篇出版物。大多数文章报道的是未控制的研究。结论是，信息网站为护理人员提供了有用信息，但似乎不太适合痴呆症患者，也未提供个性化信息。旨在弥补残疾（如记忆问题和日常活动）的ICT解决方案表明轻度至中度痴呆症患者有能力操作简单的电子设备，并能在增强信心和积极影响方面从中受益。针对应对痴呆症行为和心理变化的工具性ICT支持相对而言仍未得到重视，而通过例如简化（移动）电话、可视电话或（娱乐）机器人可有效实现对社交联系的支持。全球定位系统（GPS）技术和监测系统已证明能增强安全感，减少恐惧和焦虑。尽管这些结果很有前景，但在将这些已开发的ICT解决方案应用于痴呆症患者护理之前，还需要更多在现实生活情境中对其进行测试的对照研究。建议未来的研究也关注当前技术和解决方案的整合。
